School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China.
Sci Rep. 2024 Oct 27;14(1):25615. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-75590-z.
The mechanism of the difference in bacterial community composition caused by environmental factors in the underground coal mine is unclear. In order to reveal the influence of coal mining activities on the characteristics of bacterial community structure in coal seam, 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing technology was used to determine the species abundance, biodiversity, and gene abundance of bacterial community in a coal mine in Shanxi Province, and the environmental factors such as metal elements, non-metal elements, pH value, and gas concentration of coal samples were determined. The results showed that environmental factors and bacterial communities had obvious regional characteristics. Mining activities greatly affected the α diversity of bacterial communities, mining working face > main airway > roadway roof > unexposed coal seam > tunneling roadway. The bacterial community composition of each sample point is also very different. The main airway, roadway roof, and unexposed coal seam are dominated by Actinobacteria while the mining working face and tunneling roadway are dominated by Proteobacteria. Among the gene abundances of metabolic pathways in each site, Citrate cycle had the greatest difference, followed by glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, and oxidative phosphorylation and methane metabolism had little difference. RDA analysis showed that the environmental factors affecting the bacterial community were mainly cadmium, oxygen, hydrogen, and gas content. CCA analysis divided the bacterial community into three categories. Degradation functional bacteria are located in mining working face, bacteria that tolerate poor environments are located in main airway and tunneling roadway, and human pathogens are mostly located in roadway roof and unexposed coal seam. The research results would provide support for realizing green and safe mining in coal mines.
地下煤矿环境因素引起细菌群落组成差异的机制尚不清楚。为了揭示采煤活动对煤层细菌群落结构特征的影响，采用 16S rRNA 基因扩增子测序技术，测定了山西省某煤矿煤样中金属元素、非金属元素、pH 值、气体浓度等环境因素和细菌群落的物种丰度、生物多样性和基因丰度。结果表明，环境因素与细菌群落具有明显的区域特征。采煤活动极大地影响了细菌群落的 α 多样性，采煤工作面>主进风巷>回风巷顶>未暴露煤层>掘进巷道。各采样点的细菌群落组成也有很大差异。主进风巷、回风巷顶和未暴露煤层以放线菌门为主，而采煤工作面和掘进巷道则以变形菌门为主。各采样点代谢途径的基因丰度中，柠檬酸循环差异最大，其次是甘氨酸、丝氨酸和苏氨酸代谢，氧化磷酸化和甲烷代谢差异较小。RDA 分析表明，影响细菌群落的环境因素主要是镉、氧、氢和气体含量。CCA 分析将细菌群落分为三类。降解功能菌位于采煤工作面，耐受恶劣环境的细菌位于主进风巷和掘进巷道，人类病原体主要位于回风巷顶和未暴露煤层。研究结果可为实现煤矿的绿色安全开采提供支持。
