Effect of Guided Implant Drilling on Bone Temperature Changes During Implant Osteotomy: A Comprehensive Systematic Review.

The preparation of the implant site and the quality of the bone are crucial factors for preliminary healing following implant surgery. Therefore, any thermal or mechanical damage to the bone must be minimized during osteotomy preparation. The use of guided implant drilling is now widely employed for the precise placement of implants. Although guided implants are accurate, they are said to generate more heat compared to non-guided osteotomy. This systematic review was conducted to evaluate the heat generation that occurs during osteotomy with both guided and non-guided drilling. A comprehensive search of dental literature in PubMed, EBSCOhost, and Google Scholar was performed for articles published from 2010 to 2024. The search strategy incorporated MeSH terms and Boolean operators. The initial search across all three databases yielded a total of 548 articles. Of these, 477 were discarded after reviewing the titles and abstracts, 26 were removed as duplicates, 15 studies were excluded due to unavailable full texts, and 19 were excluded for not meeting the study design criteria set for the systematic review. Eleven articles were ultimately selected for review and data extraction. After analyzing and collating the results from all the studies, it can be concluded that using surgical guides does cause significant heat generation in the bone at the osteotomy site. However, this rise in temperature generally remains below the threshold that could cause bone necrosis. Additionally, other factors, such as irrigation temperature, drill length, drill diameter, and drilling speed, also influence heat generation during osteotomy in guided drilling.