Squyres Georgia R, Newman Dianne K
Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125.
Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125.
bioRxiv. 2024 Oct 14:2024.10.13.618105. doi: 10.1101/2024.10.13.618105.
During development, multiscale patterning requires that cells organize their behavior in space and time. Bacteria in biofilms must similarly dynamically pattern their behavior with a simpler toolkit. Like in eukaryotes, morphogenesis of the extracellular matrix is essential for biofilm development, but how it is patterned has remained unclear. Here, we explain how the architecture of eDNA, a key matrix component, is controlled by single cell lysis events during biofilm development. We extend single-cell imaging methods to capture complete biofilm development, characterizing the stages of biofilm development and visualizing eDNA matrix morphogenesis. Mapping the spatiotemporal distribution of single cell lysis events reveals that cell lysis is restricted to a specific biofilm zone. Simulations indicate that this patterning couples cell lysis to growth, more uniformly distributing eDNA throughout the biofilm. Finally, we find that patterning of cell lysis is organized by nutrient gradients that act as positioning cues.
在发育过程中，多尺度模式形成要求细胞在空间和时间上组织其行为。生物膜中的细菌同样必须用更简单的工具包动态地模式化其行为。与真核生物一样，细胞外基质的形态发生对于生物膜的发育至关重要，但它是如何模式化的仍不清楚。在这里，我们解释了生物膜发育过程中，关键基质成分细胞外DNA（eDNA）的结构是如何由单细胞裂解事件控制的。我们扩展了单细胞成像方法以捕捉完整的生物膜发育过程，表征生物膜发育的阶段并可视化eDNA基质的形态发生。绘制单细胞裂解事件的时空分布表明，细胞裂解仅限于特定的生物膜区域。模拟表明，这种模式将细胞裂解与生长联系起来，使eDNA在整个生物膜中更均匀地分布。最后，我们发现细胞裂解的模式是由作为定位线索的营养梯度组织的。
