Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona-Departament de Geografía & Centre d'Estudis Demogràfics-CERCA, Barcelona, Spain.
School of Medicine, University of the Andes, Bogotá, Colombia.
J Nutr Sci. 2024 Oct 17;13:e65. doi: 10.1017/jns.2024.44. eCollection 2024.
Obesity rates in Colombia are increasing, with variations among racial and ethnic groups. Studies on adult obesity often address socio-economic status, gender, and education but neglect racial-ethnic influences, notably in areas like Quibdó. Therefore, based on the theory of triadic influence, we conducted a qualitative study to identify biobehavioural, social, and cultural phenomena that, from the perspectives of the participants, influence the onset of obesity in Afro-Colombian and indigenous in Quibdó in 2022. The stratification variables were race, ethnicity (Afro-Colombian and Indigenous), and educational level (secondary or higher). Based on a literature review of qualitative studies that commonly explored food culture, nutritional status, and physical activity in analysing obesity within racial and ethnic populations, we incorporated these categories into our research methodology through semi-structured interviews. A framework analysis was used as a qualitative methodology to organise and analyse the collected data. We conducted 21 semi-structured interviews, 13 with the Afro-Colombian population and eight with indigenous inhabitants. The results indicate that cultural beliefs, forced displacement/migration, and alterations in public order have resulted in changes in food security, food culture, and physical activity practices, affecting the onset of obesity. Notably, distinctions in cultural beliefs regarding food culture and health as factors influencing obesity were observed between Afro-Colombians and the Indigenous populations; however, educational differences within the same racial ethnic group were not predominant. Findings indicate obesity is influenced by cultural, social, and biobehavioural factors, especially in regions with racial-ethnic communities facing complex conditions, necessitating targeted racial-ethnic public health policies.
哥伦比亚的肥胖率正在上升，不同种族和族裔群体之间存在差异。关于成年人肥胖的研究通常涉及社会经济地位、性别和教育，但忽视了种族-族裔的影响，特别是在基布多等地区。因此，基于三元影响理论，我们进行了一项定性研究，以确定从参与者的角度来看，影响 2022 年基布多非裔哥伦比亚人和土著人肥胖发生的生物行为、社会和文化现象。分层变量为种族、族裔（非裔哥伦比亚人和土著人）和教育水平（中学或以上）。根据对定性研究的文献综述，这些研究通常探讨了食物文化、营养状况和身体活动在分析种族和族裔人群肥胖中的作用，我们通过半结构化访谈将这些类别纳入我们的研究方法。框架分析作为一种定性方法，用于组织和分析收集的数据。我们进行了 21 次半结构化访谈，其中 13 次针对非裔哥伦比亚人，8 次针对土著居民。结果表明，文化信仰、被迫流离失所/迁移以及公共秩序的改变导致了粮食安全、食物文化和身体活动实践的变化，从而影响了肥胖的发生。值得注意的是，在非裔哥伦比亚人和土著居民之间观察到了文化信仰在食物文化和健康方面的差异，这些差异是影响肥胖的因素；然而，在同一种族群体内，教育差异并不占主导地位。研究结果表明，肥胖受到文化、社会和生物行为因素的影响，特别是在面临复杂条件的种族-族裔社区地区，需要有针对性的种族-族裔公共卫生政策。
