O'Reilly Sharleen, Gouldson Anna, Wirth Janine, Cherbuin Nicolas, Eramudugolla Ranmalee, Anstey Karin J
School of Agriculture and Food Science, UCD, Belfield, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland.
UCD Institute of Food and Health, UCD, Belfield, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland.
Br J Nutr. 2024 Oct 28:1-8. doi: 10.1017/S0007114524002228.
Around 55 million people worldwide live with dementia, and more are expected due to population ageing. We aimed to investigate associations between healthy diet and mild cognitive impairment and dementia in 1753 older adults aged 60-64 from the PATH (Personality and Total Health Through Life Cohort) study. Healthy diet was defined by the Mediterranean-DASH diet Intervention for Neurological Delay (MIND) and two dietary guideline quality scores (Dietary Guideline Index (DGI) and Index Diet Quality (IDQ)), which were calculated from baseline FFQ. Higher dietary scores indicated higher diet quality. Incidence of Alzheimer's disease/vascular dementia (National Institute of Neurological Disorders criteria) and mild cognitive impairment (Winbald criteria) was assessed after 12 years of follow-up using validated questionnaires with nominated proxies. Logistic regression explored associations between dietary scores and cognitive function, adjusting for demographics, lifestyle factors and medical preconditions. Adjusted logistic regression comparing the per unit linear increase in diet scores showed MIND (OR = 0·82, 95 % CI = 0·68, 0·99), but not DGI (0·99 (0·97, 1·00)) or IDQ (1·12 (0·95, 1·32)), was significantly associated with lower odds of developing cognitive impairment. In conclusion, a healthier neuroprotective dietary pattern is associated with better cognitive function over time, whereas dietary patterns generated from general dietary guidelines did not show a significant association. Further research and well-designed clinical studies are needed to determine the effects of the MIND diet on cognitive impairment in older adults without a family history of dementia.
全球约有5500万人患有痴呆症，随着人口老龄化，预计患病人数还会增加。我们旨在调查来自PATH（贯穿生命全程的人格与总体健康队列研究）研究的1753名60 - 64岁老年人中，健康饮食与轻度认知障碍及痴呆症之间的关联。健康饮食由地中海 - 得舒饮食延缓神经衰退干预方案（MIND）以及两个饮食指南质量评分（饮食指南指数（DGI）和饮食质量指数（IDQ））来定义，这些评分是根据基线食物频率问卷计算得出的。较高的饮食评分表明饮食质量更高。在随访12年后，使用经过验证的问卷并指定代理人，评估阿尔茨海默病/血管性痴呆（美国国立神经疾病研究所标准）和轻度认知障碍（温布拉德标准）的发病率。逻辑回归分析探讨了饮食评分与认知功能之间的关联，并对人口统计学、生活方式因素和医疗前提条件进行了调整。调整后的逻辑回归分析比较饮食评分每单位线性增加的情况，结果显示MIND（比值比（OR）= 0·82，95%置信区间（CI）= 0·68，0·99）与认知障碍发生几率较低显著相关，但DGI（0·99（0·97，1·00））或IDQ（1·12（0·95，1·32））并非如此。总之，随着时间推移，更健康的神经保护饮食模式与更好认知功能相关，而基于一般饮食指南生成的饮食模式未显示出显著关联。需要进一步研究和精心设计的临床研究来确定MIND饮食对无痴呆家族史老年人认知障碍的影响。
