Bednarek Joseph M, Brown Jessica C S
School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
mBio. 2024 Dec 11;15(12):e0215523. doi: 10.1128/mbio.02155-23. Epub 2024 Oct 29.
As healthcare improves and our ability to support patients with compromised immune systems increases, such patients become more vulnerable to microbes in the environment. These include fungal pathogens such as , the primary cause of fungal meningitis and a top priority pathogen on the World Health Organization fungal pathogen list. Like many other environmental pathogens, must adapt to and thrive in diverse environments in order to cause disease: (i) the environmental niche, (ii) the lungs following inhalation of infectious particles, (iii) the bloodstream and/or lymphatic system during dissemination, and (iv) the central nervous system (CNS), where it causes a deadly cryptococcal meningoencephalitis. Because CNS infection is the driver of mortality and the presenting illness, understanding the dissemination process from both host and fungal perspectives is important for treating these infections. In this review, we discuss the different stages of dissemination, how fungal cells interact with host cells during disease, and the ability to adapt to different environments within hosts.
随着医疗保健水平的提高以及我们支持免疫系统受损患者能力的增强，这类患者更容易受到环境中微生物的侵害。这些微生物包括真菌病原体，如 ，它是真菌性脑膜炎的主要病因，也是世界卫生组织真菌病原体清单上的首要病原体。与许多其他环境病原体一样， 必须适应并在多样的环境中生存繁衍才能致病：（i）环境生态位；（ii）吸入感染性颗粒后在肺部；（iii）传播过程中的血液和/或淋巴系统；（iv）中枢神经系统（CNS），在那里它会引发致命的隐球菌性脑膜脑炎。由于中枢神经系统感染是死亡率和现患疾病的驱动因素，从宿主和真菌两个角度了解传播过程对于治疗这些感染至关重要。在这篇综述中，我们讨论传播的不同阶段、疾病过程中真菌细胞如何与宿主细胞相互作用以及在宿主体内适应不同环境的能力。
