Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
J Prim Care Community Health. 2024 Jan-Dec;15:21501319241295686. doi: 10.1177/21501319241295686.
INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVE: As the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic progressed, the virus was found to cause long-term health complications known as long COVID (LC). This study aimed to investigate LC symptom severity and the factors associated with the likelihood of persistence beyond 1 year among COVID-19 survivors in Saudi Arabia.
This descriptive, cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study was conducted via convenience sampling between December 1, 2023, and March 1, 2024. In-person interviews were performed, and 845 individuals with persistent symptoms after acute COVID-19 were included.
Hair loss and memory impairment were the most reported symptoms. In predicting LC persistence beyond 12 months, women were found to have higher odds of being symptomatic than men, and individuals from moderate-to-high-income households were more likely to report persistent symptoms than those from low-income households. Each additional acute COVID-19 symptom increased the likelihood of persistent symptoms by 1.14 times. Reporting more symptoms in the first 6 months post-infection significantly reduced the odds of long-term symptoms by approximately 30%.
LC symptom severity varies among patients, and sociodemographic and clinical factors influence the likelihood of experiencing symptoms beyond 1 year. Understanding these factors can provide insights and help optimize management, leading to improved patient outcomes.
简介/目的：随着 2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行的进展，人们发现该病毒会导致长期健康并发症，即长新冠（LC）。本研究旨在调查 COVID-19 幸存者中 LC 症状严重程度以及与 1 年以上持续性相关的因素。
这是一项描述性、横断面、基于问卷的研究，采用便利抽样法于 2023 年 12 月 1 日至 2024 年 3 月 1 日进行。采用面对面访谈，纳入了 845 名急性 COVID-19 后持续存在症状的个体。
脱发和记忆力减退是最常见的报告症状。在预测 12 个月以上的 LC 持续性方面，女性出现症状的可能性高于男性，而来自中高收入家庭的个体比来自低收入家庭的个体更有可能报告持续性症状。每增加一个急性 COVID-19 症状，持续性症状的可能性增加 1.14 倍。在感染后 6 个月内报告更多症状，可使长期症状的可能性降低约 30%。
LC 症状严重程度在患者之间存在差异，社会人口统计学和临床因素影响着 1 年以上出现症状的可能性。了解这些因素可以提供深入了解，并有助于优化管理，从而改善患者结局。
