Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Technická 2, 616 69 Brno, Czech Republic.
Biomater Adv. 2025 Jan;166:214079. doi: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2024.214079. Epub 2024 Oct 19.
This study introduces the first fabrication of porous titanium/hydroxyapatite interpenetrating phase composites through an innovative processing method. The approach combines additive manufacturing of a customized titanium skeleton with the infiltration of an injectable hydroxyapatite foam, followed by in situ foam hardening at physiological temperature. This biomimetic process circumvents ceramic sintering and metal casting, effectively avoiding the formation of secondary phases that can impair mechanical performance. Hydroxyapatite foams, prepared using two foaming agents (polysorbate 80 and gelatine), significantly reinforce the titanium skeleton while preserving the microstructural characteristics essential for osteoinductive properties. The strengthening mechanisms rely on the conformation of the foams to the titanium surface, thereby enabling stable mechanical interlocking and effective interfacial stress transfer. This, combined with the mechanical constriction of phases, enhances damage tolerance and mechanical reliability of the interpenetrating phase composites. In addition, the interpenetrating phase composites feature a network of concave pores with an optimal size for bone repair, support human osteoblast proliferation, and exhibit mechanical properties compatible with bone, offering a promising solution for the efficient and personalized reconstruction of large bone defects. The results demonstrate a significant advancement in composite fabrication, integrating the benefits of additive manufacturing for bone repair with the osteogenic capacity of calcium phosphate ceramics.
本研究通过创新的加工方法首次制备了多孔钛/羟基磷灰石互穿相复合材料。该方法将定制钛骨架的增材制造与可注射羟基磷灰石泡沫的渗透相结合，然后在生理温度下进行原位泡沫硬化。这种仿生过程避免了陶瓷烧结和金属铸造，有效地避免了可能损害机械性能的次生相的形成。使用两种发泡剂（聚山梨酯 80 和明胶）制备的羟基磷灰石泡沫显著增强了钛骨架，同时保留了对成骨性能至关重要的微观结构特征。增强机制依赖于泡沫对钛表面的构象，从而实现稳定的机械互锁和有效的界面应力传递。这一点与各相的机械收缩相结合，提高了互穿相复合材料的损伤容限和机械可靠性。此外，互穿相复合材料具有网络状的凹形孔，其大小适合骨修复，支持人成骨细胞的增殖，并具有与骨相匹配的机械性能，为高效、个性化重建大骨缺损提供了有前景的解决方案。结果表明，复合材料的制备取得了重大进展，将骨修复用增材制造的优势与磷酸钙陶瓷的成骨能力相结合。
