Duvarci Sevil
Institute of Neurophysiology, Neuroscience Center, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.
Trends Neurosci. 2024 Dec;47(12):1014-1027. doi: 10.1016/j.tins.2024.10.001. Epub 2024 Oct 28.
The ability to learn from experience that certain cues and situations are associated with threats or safety is crucial for survival and adaptive behavior. Understanding the neural substrates of threat and safety learning has high clinical significance because deficits in these forms of learning characterize anxiety disorders. Traditionally, dopamine neurons were thought to uniformly support reward learning by signaling reward prediction errors. However, the dopamine system is functionally more diverse than was initially appreciated and is also critical for processing threat and safety. In this review, I highlight recent studies demonstrating that dopamine neurons generate prediction errors for threat and safety, and describe how dopamine projections to the amygdala, medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), and striatum regulate associative threat and safety learning.
从经验中学习某些线索和情境与威胁或安全相关联的能力对于生存和适应性行为至关重要。理解威胁和安全学习的神经基础具有很高的临床意义，因为这些学习形式的缺陷是焦虑症的特征。传统上，多巴胺神经元被认为通过发出奖励预测误差信号来统一支持奖励学习。然而，多巴胺系统在功能上比最初认识到的更加多样化，并且对于处理威胁和安全也至关重要。在这篇综述中，我重点介绍了最近的研究，这些研究表明多巴胺神经元会产生针对威胁和安全的预测误差，并描述了多巴胺向杏仁核、内侧前额叶皮质（mPFC）和纹状体的投射如何调节关联性威胁和安全学习。
