School of Physical Education and Sport, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
School of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China.
Sci Rep. 2024 Oct 30;14(1):26045. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-77536-x.
This study investigates the effects of integrated instability resistance training and cognitive training (IRCT) versus isolated instability resistance training (IRT) on balance, gait, muscle strength, and cognitive functions in elderly women.This randomized controlled trial included 36 participants, with 18 in the IRCT group and 18 in the IRT group. The sample size was estimated to achieve a statistical power of 0.95 with a large effect size (0.40; n = 12 each group). The closed-eye single-leg stand test was measured for static balance, the closed-eye stepping test, and the Timed Up and Go Test (TUGT) were measured for dynamic balance. Dual-task balance was assessed by combining the TUGT with cognitive tasks (TUGT-C) and motor tasks (TUGT-M). Gait performance was evaluated using a gait function system. Lower limb muscle strength was measured with the 30-Second Chair Stand Test. Cognitive function was assessed through the Trail Making Test (TMT), Digit Span Test (DST), Stroop Color and Word Test (Stroop), and Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST). Results IRCT group showed better improvements in both cognitive (p < 0.001) and motor (p = 0.812 for baseline; p < 0.001 for post-intervention) dual-task abilities, IRCT also experienced better enhancement in certain cognitive functions, particularly in the TMT (p = 0.001) and DSST (p = 0.022) compared to the IRT group. Both groups demonstrated enhancements in walking abilities as shown on selective markers of the gait performance test (p < 0.05) and leg muscle strength via 30-Second Chair (p < 0.001 for time main effect). These results suggest that combining cognitive exercises with physical training more effectively addresses the complex challenges associated with aging in women. The study highlights the potential of comprehensive training approaches in boosting health and quality of life for the elderly, with implications for developing tailored exercise programs focused on reducing fall risks and enhancing quality of life in this population.
本研究旨在探讨综合不稳定抵抗训练和认知训练（IRCT）与孤立不稳定抵抗训练（IRT）对老年女性平衡、步态、肌肉力量和认知功能的影响。这是一项随机对照试验，共纳入 36 名参与者，其中 18 名接受 IRCT 组，18 名接受 IRT 组。样本量估计达到统计学效能 0.95 和大效应量（0.40；每组 n=12）。闭眼单腿站立测试用于测量静态平衡，闭眼踏步测试和计时起立行走测试（TUGT）用于测量动态平衡。双重任务平衡通过将 TUGT 与认知任务（TUGT-C）和运动任务（TUGT-M）相结合来评估。步态功能通过步态功能系统进行评估。下肢肌肉力量通过 30 秒椅子站立测试进行测量。认知功能通过连线测试（TMT）、数字跨度测试（DST）、斯特鲁普颜色和文字测试（Stroop）和数字符号替代测试（DSST）进行评估。结果显示，IRCT 组在认知（p<0.001）和运动（p=0.812 为基线；p<0.001 为干预后）双重任务能力方面均有更好的改善，IRCT 组在某些认知功能方面也有更好的增强，尤其是 TMT（p=0.001）和 DSST（p=0.022）与 IRT 组相比。两组在步态表现测试的选择性标志物上均表现出行走能力的提高（p<0.05），30 秒椅子测试的腿部肌肉力量也有提高（时间主效应 p<0.001）。这些结果表明，将认知练习与体育训练相结合可以更有效地应对与女性衰老相关的复杂挑战。该研究强调了综合训练方法在提高老年人健康和生活质量方面的潜力，这对于制定针对降低跌倒风险和提高该人群生活质量的量身定制的锻炼计划具有重要意义。
