Dermatological Ultrasound of Less Frequent Dermatological Vascular Anomalies: A Retrospective Study and Literature Review From a Reference Center in Bogotá, Colombia.

Vascular anomalies (VA) are classified as either vascular tumors or vascular malformations. Vascular tumors are characterized by the neoplastic proliferation of endothelial cells, whereas vascular malformations result from defects in the pathways that regulate the development of vascular channels during embryogenesis. Dermatological ultrasound has emerged as a critical diagnostic tool for distinguishing VA from other conditions and differentiating among various types of VA by providing detailed imaging characteristics. In this study, we present cases of less common VA identified and characterized using dermatological ultrasound to illustrate the utility of this modality in clinical practice. Patients were randomly selected from clinical records (February 2021 to February 2024) with dermatological VA confirmed by histology, spanning ages 10 to 72 years. Inclusion required complete clinical records and ultrasound reports. The sample represents six different VA and illustrates a spectrum of complications observed in clinical practice. The selected cases include five vascular tumors: pyogenic granuloma, cutaneous angiosarcoma, extradigital glomus tumors, cherry angiomas, and angiokeratoma, and one vascular malformation: verrucous venous malformation. Despite their varied clinical presentations, dermatological ultrasound demonstrated distinct features for each type of anomaly, proving to be a valuable tool in the multidisciplinary management of cutaneous VA. This imaging modality enables precise evaluation and guides effective treatment strategies.