Yan Xinru, Wang Dong, Zhang Ao, Xia Jing, Jiao Jinlong, Ghanim Murad, Xiaokun Ou, He Xiahong, Shi Rui
Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, International Ecological Forestry Research Center of Kunming, Southwest Forestry University, Yunnan, Kunming, China.
Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
Front Microbiol. 2024 Oct 15;15:1400616. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1400616. eCollection 2024.
is an important traditional medicinal plant of the Himalayan region. It is extensively used for the production of natural steroidal saponins and flavonoids. Although seed dormancy of wild plants can be broken to be artificially maintained and regenerated through micropropagation in the laboratory, the success of secondary metabolite production in higher quantities and the synthesis of superior plant metabolites have been very limited. In this study, we present differential metabolic profiling of plants maintained for 8 years in natural and greenhouse conditions. Untargeted profiling of the metabolites through ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS), followed by statistical analysis, identified secondary metabolites that were enriched in the naturally occurring plant roots compared with the greenhouse plant roots. A multivariate statistical analysis revealed the differential distribution of the compounds between the two groups. Overall, we identified 1,182 secondary metabolites, with 116 metabolites being differentially upregulated and 256 metabolites being downregulated. Moreover, 810 metabolites showed no significant variation under both growing conditions. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed that the naturally forest-grown plants were significantly enriched in steroidal saponins, lipids, vitamins, flavonoids, and flavonols. An analysis of the top 10 differentially upregulated secondary metabolites indicated a significantly enriched quantity of spirost-5-en-3,12-diol and kaempferol synthesis pathways, which are known to reduce the effect of free radicals scavengers inside the cell. In addition, veratramine alkaloids were also enriched under natural conditions. Our findings indicated that naturally maintained plants are suitable for the extraction of medicinally important compounds. Our study established a causal relationship between the metabolic composition of the roots and their natural growth condition. This study highlighted the importance of environmental conditions in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites of plants.
是喜马拉雅地区一种重要的传统药用植物。它被广泛用于生产天然甾体皂苷和黄酮类化合物。尽管野生植物的种子休眠可以被打破，以便在实验室中通过微繁殖进行人工维持和再生，但大量生产次生代谢产物以及合成优质植物代谢产物的成功率一直非常有限。在本研究中，我们展示了在自然和温室条件下培育8年的[植物名称]的差异代谢谱。通过超高效液相色谱-质谱/质谱（UPLC-MS/MS）对代谢产物进行非靶向分析，随后进行统计分析，确定了与温室植物根相比，天然生长植物根中富集的次生代谢产物。多变量统计分析揭示了两组化合物的差异分布。总体而言，我们鉴定出1182种次生代谢产物，其中116种代谢产物差异上调，256种代谢产物下调。此外，810种代谢产物在两种生长条件下均无显著差异。京都基因与基因组百科全书（KEGG）分析表明，天然森林生长的[植物名称]在甾体皂苷、脂质、维生素、黄酮类化合物和黄酮醇方面显著富集。对前10种差异上调的次生代谢产物的分析表明，螺甾-5-烯-3,12-二醇和山奈酚合成途径的含量显著富集，已知这些途径可降低细胞内自由基清除剂的作用。此外，藜芦胺生物碱在自然条件下也有富集。我们的研究结果表明，自然生长的[植物名称]适合提取具有重要药用价值的化合物。我们的研究建立了根的代谢组成与其自然生长条件之间的因果关系。本研究强调了环境条件在植物次生代谢产物生物合成中的重要性。
