Tonnetti Laura, Groves Jamel A, Self Deanna, Yadav Manisha C, Tayou Tagny Claude, Rakoto Alson Olivat A, Livezey Kristin, Linnen Jeffery M, Stramer Susan L
American Red Cross, Scientific Affairs, Rockville, Maryland, USA.
Grifols Diagnostic Solutions Inc., San Diego, California, USA.
Vox Sang. 2025 Jan;120(1):71-75. doi: 10.1111/vox.13756. Epub 2024 Oct 30.
The World Health Organization (WHO) African Region accounts for 94% of malaria cases globally, with variability recognized within endemic regions. To determine the detection rate of Plasmodium RNA in blood donors resident in malaria-endemic areas, samples from three African countries were tested using a Plasmodium nucleic acid test.
Whole blood (WB) samples collected from routine donors in Cameroon, Madagascar and Mali were shipped frozen to the United States. Samples were tested individually from WB lysates with the Procleix Plasmodium assay (transcription-mediated amplification [TMA]). Reactive samples were considered either repeat reactive or initial reactive only, depending on TMA-retest results. When available, matching plasma samples were tested for Plasmodium antibodies by enzyme immunoassay (EIA).
Plasmodium repeat reactivity ranged from 41% (91/223 tested) in Cameroon to 12% (26/216) in Mali and 1% (3/249) in Madagascar. Initially reactive samples, where reactivity did not repeat, were identified from Cameroon (5/223; 2%) and Mali (2/216; 1%). The matched-plasma subgroup had EIA reactivity ranging from 86% (113/131 tested) in Cameroon to 59% (10/17) in Mali and 27% (68/248) in Madagascar.
Plasmodium ribosomal RNA (rRNA) detection and antibody rates varied greatly in the three countries studied. Detection of Plasmodium rRNA can provide an additional tool to address malaria risk in blood donors.
世界卫生组织（WHO）非洲区域的疟疾病例占全球的94%，且流行地区存在差异。为确定疟疾流行地区献血者血液中疟原虫RNA的检测率，对来自三个非洲国家的样本进行了疟原虫核酸检测。
从喀麦隆、马达加斯加和马里的常规献血者采集的全血（WB）样本冷冻运送至美国。使用Procleix疟原虫检测法（转录介导扩增法[TMA]）对WB裂解物中的样本进行单独检测。根据TMA复测结果，反应性样本被视为重复反应性或仅初始反应性。如有匹配的血浆样本，通过酶免疫测定法（EIA）检测疟原虫抗体。
疟原虫重复反应性在喀麦隆为41%（223例检测中91例），在马里为12%（216例中26例），在马达加斯加为1%（249例中3例）。从喀麦隆（223例中5例；2%）和马里（216例中2例；1%）鉴定出初始反应性样本，其反应性未重复。匹配血浆亚组的EIA反应性在喀麦隆为86%（131例检测中113例），在马里为59%（17例中10例），在马达加斯加为27%（248例中68例）。
在所研究的三个国家中，疟原虫核糖体RNA（rRNA）检测率和抗体率差异很大。疟原虫rRNA检测可为评估献血者疟疾风险提供额外工具。
