Department of Entomology, Comstock Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.
Entomology & Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
Pestic Biochem Physiol. 2024 Nov;205:106154. doi: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106154. Epub 2024 Sep 24.
Decreased cuticular penetration has been documented as a mechanism of resistance in several insects, yet this mechanism remains poorly understood. Levels of resistance conferred, effects of the physicochemical properties on the manifestation of resistance and the effects of different routes of exposure are largely unknown. We recently selected a strain (FlurR) of house fly that was >11,000-fold resistance to fluralaner, and decreased cuticular penetration was one of the mechanisms of resistance (Norris et al., 2023). We sought to isolate the decreased penetration mechanism from FlurR into the background of the susceptible aabys strain, and to characterize the protection it conferred to fluralaner and other insecticides. We successfully isolated the decreased penetration mechanism and found that it conferred 7.1-fold resistance to fluralaner, and 1.4- to 4.9-fold cross-resistance to five other insecticides by topical application. Neither mass, metabolic lability, vapor pressure, nor logP explained the differences in the resistance ratios. The mechanism also conferred cross resistance by residual and feeding exposure, although at reduced levels compared to topical application. Remaining data gaps in our understanding of this mechanism are discussed.
已经有文献记录表明，在几种昆虫中，表皮穿透性降低是一种抗性机制，但该机制仍未得到充分理解。抗性赋予的水平、理化性质对抗性表现的影响以及不同暴露途径的影响在很大程度上尚不清楚。我们最近选择了一种家蝇菌株（FlurR），其对氟虫腈的抗性超过 11000 倍，表皮穿透性降低是其抗性机制之一（Norris 等人，2023 年）。我们试图将降低的穿透机制从 FlurR 分离到易感的 aabys 菌株的背景中，并对其赋予氟虫腈和其他杀虫剂的保护作用进行特征分析。我们成功地分离出了降低的穿透机制，并发现它通过表面涂抹赋予了对氟虫腈 7.1 倍的抗性，以及对其他 5 种杀虫剂 1.4 到 4.9 倍的交互抗性。质量、代谢不稳定性、蒸气压和 logP 都不能解释抗性比值的差异。该机制通过残留和摄食暴露也赋予了交互抗性，但与表面涂抹相比，其水平降低。我们对该机制的理解仍存在一些数据空白，这些空白也在讨论中。
