Department of Agrotechnology and Agribusiness, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 8, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland.
Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Bioresource Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Pl. Łódzki 3, 10-724, Olsztyn, Poland.
Sci Rep. 2024 Oct 30;14(1):26127. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-76582-9.
The article presents the results of a three-year field study that was conducted in Poland to evaluate the yield and quality of seeds and oil from traditional (SAM) and canola-quality white mustard (SAC) in response to different N fertilizer rates (0, 40, 80, 120, and 160 kg ha). Seed yields were 25% higher in SAM than SAC. The seeds of SAC contained more crude fat (by 3%) and crude fiber (by 6%) than the seeds of SAM. In turn, the seeds of SAM were a richer source of total protein (by 7%). The content of glucosinolates (GSLs) was 8-10 times lower in the seeds of SAC than SAM. The seeds of both mustard cultivars were most abundant in γ-tocopherol (γ-T) (90-94%). The seeds of SAC were characterized by a higher content of γ-T and a lower α-T/γ-T ratio than SAM seeds. White mustard oil contained mostly MUFAs (69-75%). However, C22:1 accounted for more than 50% of MUFAs in the oil SAM. In the oil SAC, the proportion of C22:1 did not exceed 6%, whereas C18:1 accounted for nearly 85% of total MUFAs. Nitrogen fertilization induced a significant increase in seed yields (by 33%), a decrease in crude fat content (by 3-4%), and an increase in total protein content (by 4%), and crude fiber content (by 7%). Nitrogen decreased GSL levels by 31% in SAM seeds. In SAC, N fertilization induced differences in the qualitative composition of GSLs, but did not affect the total GSL content of seeds. Higher N rates increased the content of α-T and γ-T, the α-T/γ-T ratio, and total T content. Nitrogen fertilization decreased the content of C18:3 in the seeds of the SAM. In SAC, the application of N decreased the content of C18, C18:1, and C18:3, and increased the biosynthesis of C18:2, C20:1, and C22:1.
本文介绍了一项为期三年的田间研究结果，该研究在波兰进行，旨在评估传统（SAM）和油菜质量白芥菜（SAC）对不同氮肥率（0、40、80、120 和 160 kg/ha）的种子和油的产量和质量的影响。SAM 的种子产量比 SAC 高 25%。SAC 的种子比 SAM 的种子含有更多的粗脂肪（3%）和粗纤维（6%）。相反，SAM 的种子是总蛋白质的更丰富来源（7%）。SAC 种子中的硫代葡萄糖苷（GSL）含量比 SAM 种子低 8-10 倍。两种芥菜品种的种子中都富含γ-生育酚（γ-T）（90-94%）。SAC 种子的γ-T 含量较高，α-T/γ-T 比值低于 SAM 种子。白芥菜籽油主要含有 MUFA（69-75%）。然而，C22:1 在 SAM 油中的 MUFA 中占比超过 50%。在 SAC 油中，C22:1 的比例不超过 6%，而 C18:1 占总 MUFA 的近 85%。氮施肥显著增加了种子产量（33%），降低了粗脂肪含量（3-4%），增加了总蛋白质含量（4%）和粗纤维含量（7%）。SAM 种子中的 GSL 水平降低了 31%。在 SAC 中，氮施肥引起了 GSL 质量组成的差异，但没有影响种子的总 GSL 含量。较高的氮率增加了α-T 和γ-T、α-T/γ-T 比值和总 T 含量。氮施肥降低了 SAM 种子中 C18:3 的含量。在 SAC 中，施氮降低了 C18、C18:1 和 C18:3 的含量，增加了 C18:2、C20:1 和 C22:1 的生物合成。
