Department of Biological Sciences and Environmental Studies, University of the Philippines Mindanao, Davao del Sur, Davao City, 8000, Philippines.
College of Biology, Davao Medical School Foundation, Inc, Davao del Sur, Davao City, 8000, Philippines.
Sci Rep. 2024 Oct 31;14(1):26193. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-77124-z.
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) as a result of antimicrobial overuse and misuse in agriculture is a growing concern, especially in the predominant but poorly regulated backyard or smallholder swine farms of the Philippines. A city-scale surveillance of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) was conducted through selected backyard swine farms to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the AMR situation in the backyard sector of Davao City, Philippines. The ARGs encoding resistance to four antimicrobial classes (β-lactams: bla, bla, bla, bla, mecA; quinolones: qnrS and qnr-A2; macrolides: ermA and ermB; tetracycline: tetM) were quantified in swine feces via real-time PCR, and point maps were generated to visualize the ARG geographic distribution. The ARGs bla-, ermB, qnrS, and tetM were detected in all farms at relatively intermediate to high levels, consistently representing the four most used antimicrobial classes in Philippine farms. All the investigated ARGs were present in some local barangay units, indicating potential emergence of AMR hotspots. A 0.5 quantile regression analysis identified specific backyard farm attributes associated with ARG occurrence and diversity, which may influence the ecological spread of the ARGs. These findings provide support for evidence-based guidelines to reinforce a One Health framework for the Philippine National Action Plan to Combat AMR.
由于农业中过度和不当使用抗菌药物导致的抗菌药物耐药性（AMR）是一个日益严重的问题，特别是在菲律宾占主导地位但监管不善的后院或小规模养猪场。通过选择后院养猪场进行了城市规模的抗菌药物耐药基因（ARGs）监测，以全面了解菲律宾达沃市后院部门的 AMR 情况。通过实时 PCR 定量检测了猪粪便中编码对四类抗菌药物（β-内酰胺类：bla、bla、bla、bla、mecA；喹诺酮类：qnrS 和 qnr-A2；大环内酯类：ermA 和 ermB；四环素类：tetM）耐药的 ARGs，并生成点图以可视化 ARG 的地理分布。所有农场均检测到 bla-、ermB、qnrS 和 tetM 等 ARG，其水平处于中等到高水平，这与菲律宾农场中最常使用的四类抗菌药物一致。所有调查的 ARGs 均存在于某些当地 barangay 单位中，表明可能出现 AMR 热点。0.5 分位数回归分析确定了与 ARG 发生和多样性相关的特定后院农场属性，这些属性可能会影响 ARG 的生态传播。这些发现为基于证据的指南提供了支持，以加强菲律宾国家抗 AMR 行动计划的“同一健康”框架。
