School of Philosophy, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
School of Foreign Languages, Hubei University of Economics, No. 8 Yangqiao Lake Avenue, Canglong Island Development Zone, Jiangxia District, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
BMC Public Health. 2024 Oct 30;24(1):3008. doi: 10.1186/s12889-024-20492-y.
Based on their place of employment, workers with agricultural hukou (WAH) are categorized into local workers with agricultural hukou (LWAH) and migrant workers with agricultural hukou (MWAH). Research shows that although LWAH often find themselves at a disadvantage in terms of labour income and access to public services, the significant growth of this group in recent years has drawn attention to their choice of workplace and the factors influencing it. Guided by the theories of self-determination and social comparison, this study aims to explore the impact of the differences between LWAH and MWAH in psychological needs and social comparisons on life satisfaction, as well as the underlying mechanisms.
This study utilizes data from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) from 2014 to 2020, employing a two-way fixed effects model to investigate the differences in life satisfaction between 1,976 LWAH and MWAH. Additionally, propensity score matching (PSM) is used to conduct regression analysis on the matched sample, providing a more accurate comparison of life satisfaction between LWAH and MWAH under similar individual characteristics. Finally, the study further examines the mediating effects of perceived social status and job satisfaction and analyses the differences in life satisfaction between LWAH and MWAH across dimensions such as generation, region, and work conditions.
The baseline regression results indicate that LWAH have significantly higher life satisfaction compared to MWAH, and this finding is robust to various tests. Mediation analysis reveals that perceived social status plays a mediating role in the difference in life satisfaction between LWAH and MWAH, while job satisfaction does not have a significant mediating effect. Heterogeneity analysis further shows that intergenerational, regional, and work condition differences have varying impacts on the life satisfaction of two groups.
This study provides important insights into understanding the workplace choices and quality of life of Chinese workers with agricultural hukou. Finally, to effectively promote situ urbanization processes, local governments need to prioritize enhancing workers with agricultural hukou (WAH)'s autonomy, sense of competence, and social status, thereby improving their perceived social status in society and attracting more labourers to return to their hometowns for work and entrepreneurship.
基于其就业地点，拥有农业户口的劳动者（WAH）被分为本地拥有农业户口的劳动者（LWAH）和农民工（MWAH）。研究表明，尽管 LWAH 在劳动收入和获得公共服务方面往往处于劣势，但近年来该群体的显著增长引起了人们对其工作场所选择及其影响因素的关注。本研究以自我决定和社会比较理论为指导，旨在探讨 LWAH 和 MWAH 在心理需求和社会比较方面的差异对生活满意度的影响，以及潜在的机制。
本研究利用中国家庭追踪调查（CFPS）2014-2020 年的数据，采用双向固定效应模型，考察了 1976 名 LWAH 和 MWAH 生活满意度的差异。此外，采用倾向得分匹配（PSM）对匹配样本进行回归分析，提供了更准确的 LWAH 和 MWAH 在相似个体特征下生活满意度的比较。最后，进一步检验了感知社会地位和工作满意度的中介效应，并分析了 LWAH 和 MWAH 在代际、地区和工作条件等维度上生活满意度的差异。
基础回归结果表明，LWAH 的生活满意度显著高于 MWAH，且该发现经过多种检验仍稳健。中介效应分析表明，感知社会地位在 LWAH 和 MWAH 生活满意度差异中起中介作用，而工作满意度没有显著的中介作用。异质性分析进一步表明，代际、地区和工作条件差异对两组的生活满意度有不同的影响。
本研究为理解中国拥有农业户口的劳动者的工作场所选择和生活质量提供了重要的见解。最后，为了有效促进就地城镇化进程，地方政府需要优先提高拥有农业户口的劳动者（WAH）的自主性、胜任感和社会地位，从而提高他们在社会中的感知社会地位，吸引更多的劳动者返乡工作和创业。
