Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
BMC Public Health. 2024 Oct 30;24(1):3002. doi: 10.1186/s12889-024-20513-w.
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of death around the world. The Dietary Quality Index-International (DQI-I) is one of the indicators that shows changes in diet and its association with NCDs. The aim of this study is to measure the association between the DQI-I and major metabolic risk factors.
This study is a cross-sectional study based on data collected in the first phase of the prospective cohort study on Ravansar non-communicable diseases (RaNCD). To perform clinical and biochemical tests such as lipid profile, blood glucose and liver enzymes, blood samples were collected using standard vacutainer blood collection techniques. Information from the food frequency questionnaire containing 118 food items was used to score each person's DQI-I. Binary logistic regression was used to determine the association between the DQI-I tertile and the metabolic risk factors. Linear regression was also used for the association between subgroups of DQI-I score and the metabolic risk factors.
The total number of subjects in this study was 7,115, with a mean age of 47.14 ± 8.29 years. Dietary quality was generally poor, with 37.03% in the lowest tertile. Men had better dietary quality than women. Anthropometric measures, blood pressure, triglycerides and blood glucose were lower in the lowest tertile of dietary quality. A one-unit increase in the total DQI-I resulted in a 0.19 decrease in total cholesterol. Higher dietary quality was associated with a 22% increased risk of high triglycerides, a 19% increased risk of low high-density density lipoprotein, a 5% decreased risk of elevated low-density lipoprotein, a 42% increased risk of high blood pressure, and a 99% increased risk of high fasting blood glucose. Higher dietary quality was also associated with a 33% increased risk of overweight/obesity.
The study found that participants had poor dietary quality, with some favorable metabolic outcomes in the lowest tertile, but concerning associations in the highest tertile, including increased risk for high triglycerides, blood pressure, and obesity. The complex associations suggest that balanced, multifaceted interventions are needed.
非传染性疾病（NCDs）是全球死亡的主要原因。膳食质量指数-国际（DQI-I）是衡量饮食变化及其与 NCDs 之间关联的指标之一。本研究旨在衡量 DQI-I 与主要代谢风险因素之间的关联。
本研究是一项基于前瞻性队列研究 Ravansar 非传染性疾病（RaNCD）第一阶段收集数据的横断面研究。为了进行血脂谱、血糖和肝酶等临床和生化测试，使用标准的真空采血管采血技术采集血液样本。使用包含 118 种食物的食物频率问卷中的信息对每个人的 DQI-I 进行评分。二项逻辑回归用于确定 DQI-I 三分位与代谢风险因素之间的关联。线性回归也用于 DQI-I 评分亚组与代谢风险因素之间的关联。
本研究共纳入 7115 名受试者，平均年龄为 47.14±8.29 岁。总体饮食质量较差，最低三分位组占 37.03%。男性的饮食质量优于女性。在最低三分位组，体重指数、血压、甘油三酯和血糖较低。DQI-I 总分每增加一个单位，总胆固醇就会降低 0.19。较高的膳食质量与较高的甘油三酯风险增加 22%、高密度脂蛋白降低 19%、低密度脂蛋白升高风险降低 5%、高血压风险增加 42%和空腹血糖升高风险增加 99%相关。较高的膳食质量也与超重/肥胖的风险增加 33%相关。
本研究发现参与者的饮食质量较差，最低三分位组有一些有利的代谢结果，但最高三分位组的关联令人担忧，包括甘油三酯、血压和肥胖风险增加。复杂的关联表明需要进行平衡、多方面的干预。
