Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey.
Fiber Science Program, Department of Human Centered Design, College of Human Ecology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.
Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol. 2024 Nov-Dec;16(6):e1995. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1995.
Cyclodextrins (CDs) belong to a class of cyclic oligosaccharides characterized by their toroidal shape consisting of glucose units linked via α-1,4-glycosidic bonds. This distinctive toroidal shape exhibits a dual nature, comprising a hydrophobic interior and a hydrophilic exterior, making CDs highly versatile in various pharmaceutical products. They serve multiple roles: they act as solubilizers, stabilizers, controlled release promoters, enhancers of drug bioavailability, and effective means of masking undesirable tastes and odors. Taking advantage of these inherent benefits, CDs have been integrated into numerous nanoscale drug delivery systems. The resulting nanomaterials exploit the exceptional properties of CDs, including their ability to solubilize hydrophobic drugs for substantial drug loading, engage in supramolecular complexation for engineered nanomaterials, increase bioavailability for improved therapeutic efficacy, stabilize labile drugs, and exhibit biocompatibility and versatility. This paper compiles recent studies on CD functional nanoscale drug delivery platforms. First, we described the physicochemical and toxicological aspects of CDs, CD/drug inclusion complexation, and their impact on improving drug bioavailability. We then summarized applications for CD-functional nano delivery systems based on polymeric, hybrid, lipid-based nanoparticles, and CD-based nanofibers. Particular interest was in the targeted applications and the function of the CD molecules used. In most applications, CD molecules were used for drug solubilization and loading, while in some studies, CD molecules were employed for supramolecular complexation to construct nanoscale drug delivery systems. Finally, the review concludes with a thoughtful consideration of the current challenges and outlook.
环糊精（CDs）属于一类环状低聚糖，其特征为通过α-1,4-糖苷键连接的葡萄糖单元组成的环形形状。这种独特的环形形状表现出双重性质，包括疏水性内部和亲水性外部，使得 CDs 在各种药物产品中具有广泛的用途。它们具有多种作用：作为增溶剂、稳定剂、控释促进剂、药物生物利用度的增强剂以及掩盖不良味道和气味的有效手段。利用这些固有优势，CDs 已被整合到许多纳米级药物传递系统中。由此产生的纳米材料利用了 CDs 的特殊性质，包括其溶解疏水性药物以进行大量药物负载的能力、参与工程纳米材料的超分子络合、提高生物利用度以提高治疗效果、稳定不稳定药物以及表现出生物相容性和多功能性。本文汇编了有关 CD 功能纳米级药物传递平台的最新研究。首先，我们描述了 CDs 的物理化学和毒理学方面、CD/药物包合复合物及其对提高药物生物利用度的影响。然后，我们总结了基于聚合物、杂化、基于脂质的纳米粒子和 CD 基纳米纤维的 CD 功能纳米递药系统的应用。特别关注的是靶向应用和所使用的 CD 分子的功能。在大多数应用中，CD 分子用于药物增溶和负载，而在一些研究中，CD 分子用于超分子络合以构建纳米级药物传递系统。最后，该综述以对当前挑战和前景的深思熟虑结束。
