From the Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich.
Plast Reconstr Surg. 2024 Nov 1;154(5):895e-905e. doi: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000011335. Epub 2024 Feb 14.
Microfat and nanofat are commonly used in various surgical procedures, from skin rejuvenation to scar correction, to contribute to tissue regeneration. Microfat contains mainly adipocytes and is well suited for tissue augmentation, and nanofat is rich in lipids, adipose-derived stem cells, microvascular fragments, and growth factors, making it attractive for aesthetic use. The authors have previously demonstrated that the mechanical processing of microfat into nanofat significantly changes its proteomic profile. Considering that mechanical fractionation leads to adipocyte disruption and lipid release, they aimed to analyze their lipidomic profiles for their regenerative properties.
Microfat and nanofat samples were isolated from 14 healthy patients. Lipidomic profiling was performed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The resulting data were compared against the Human Metabolome and LIPID MAPS Structure Database. MetaboAnalyst was used to analyze metabolic pathways and lipids of interest.
From 2388 mass-to-charge ratio features, metabolic pathway enrichment analysis of microfat and nanofat samples revealed 109 pathways that were significantly enriched. Microfat samples revealed higher-intensity levels of sphingosines, different eicosanoids, and fat-soluble vitamins. Increased levels of coumaric acids and prostacyclin were found in nanofat.
This is the first study to analyze the lipidomic profiles of microfat and nanofat, providing evidence that mechanical emulsification of microfat into nanofat leads to changes in their lipid profiles. From 109 biological pathways, antiinflammatory, antifibrotic, and antimelanogenic lipid mediators were particularly enriched in nanofat samples when compared with microfat. Although further studies are necessary for a deeper understanding of the composition of these specific lipid mediators in nanofat samples, the authors propose that they might contribute to its regenerative effects on tissue.
Profiling the unique lipid mediators in nanofat and microfat enhances our understanding of their different therapeutic effects and allows us to link these specific mediators to antiinflammatory, pro-regenerative, or healing properties. Ultimately, this insight can advance personalized therapeutic strategies, where a specific type of fat is selected based on its optimal therapeutic effect.
微脂肪和纳米脂肪常用于各种手术，从皮肤年轻化到疤痕矫正，以促进组织再生。微脂肪主要含有脂肪细胞，非常适合组织填充，而纳米脂肪富含脂肪、脂肪来源干细胞、微血管碎片和生长因子，因此非常适合美容应用。作者之前已经证明，将微脂肪机械加工成纳米脂肪会显著改变其蛋白质组学特征。考虑到机械分离会导致脂肪细胞破裂和脂质释放，作者旨在分析其脂质组学特征，以了解其再生特性。
从 14 名健康患者中分离出微脂肪和纳米脂肪样本。采用液相色谱串联质谱法进行脂质组学分析。将得到的数据与人类代谢组和脂质图谱结构数据库进行比较。使用 MetaboAnalyst 分析代谢途径和感兴趣的脂质。
从 2388 个质荷比特征中，对微脂肪和纳米脂肪样本的代谢途径富集分析显示，有 109 条途径显著富集。微脂肪样本显示出更高强度的神经鞘氨醇、不同的类二十烷酸和脂溶性维生素。纳米脂肪中发现了更高水平的香豆酸和前列环素。
这是首次分析微脂肪和纳米脂肪的脂质组学特征的研究，为机械乳化微脂肪成纳米脂肪会导致其脂质谱发生变化提供了证据。在 109 条生物学途径中，与微脂肪相比，纳米脂肪样本中特别富集了抗炎、抗纤维化和抗黑色素生成的脂质介质。尽管需要进一步研究以更深入地了解纳米脂肪样本中这些特定脂质介质的组成，但作者提出，它们可能有助于解释其对组织的再生作用。
对纳米脂肪和微脂肪中独特脂质介质的分析，增强了我们对它们不同治疗效果的理解，并使我们能够将这些特定介质与抗炎、促再生或愈合特性联系起来。最终，这种认识可以推进个性化治疗策略，根据最佳治疗效果选择特定类型的脂肪。
