Ding Yong, Ding Bin, Shi Pengju, Romano-deGea Jan, Li Yahui, Turnell-Ritson Roland C, Syzgantseva Olga A, Yavuz Ilhan, Xia Ming, Yu Ruohan, Syzgantseva Maria A, Audinot Jean-Nicolas, Miao Xiaohe, Liao Xiaobin, Li Jiantao, Dörflinger Patrick, Dyakonov Vladimir, Liu Cheng, Yang Yi, Tao Li, Brooks Keith G, Slonopas Andre, Pan Jiahong, Zhang Lei, An Qinyou, Rong Yaoguang, Peng Jun, Ding Liming, Shi Enzheng, Mai Liqiang, Dai Songyuan, Zhao Kangning, Sheng Jiang, Wang Rui, Dyson Paul J, Nazeeruddin Mohammad Khaja
Beijing Key Laboratory of Novel Thin-Film Solar Cells, North China Electric Power University, 102206 Beijing, China.
Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
Science. 2024 Nov;386(6721):531-538. doi: 10.1126/science.ado6619. Epub 2024 Oct 31.
Perovskite solar modules (PSMs) show outstanding power conversion efficiencies (PCEs), but long-term operational stability remains problematic. We show that incorporating -dimethylmethyleneiminium chloride into the perovskite precursor solution formed dimethylammonium cation and that previously unobserved methyl tetrahydrotriazinium ([MTTZ]) cation effectively improved perovskite film. The in situ formation of [MTTZ] cation increased the formation energy of iodine vacancies and enhanced the migration energy barrier of iodide and cesium ions, which suppressed nonradiative recombination, thermal decomposition, and phase segregation processes. The optimized PSMs achieved a record (certified) PCE of 23.2% with an aperture area of 27.2 cm, with a stabilized PCE of 23.0%. The encapsulated PSM retained 87.0% of its initial PCE after ~1900 hours of maximum power point tracking at 85°C and 85% relative humidity under 1.0-sun illumination.
钙钛矿太阳能组件（PSM）展现出卓越的功率转换效率（PCE），但其长期运行稳定性仍存在问题。我们发现，将氯化二甲基亚甲基亚胺鎓加入钙钛矿前驱体溶液中会形成二甲基铵阳离子，且此前未观察到的甲基四氢三嗪鎓（[MTTZ]）阳离子能有效改善钙钛矿薄膜。[MTTZ]阳离子的原位形成增加了碘空位的形成能，并提高了碘离子和铯离子的迁移能垒，从而抑制了非辐射复合、热分解和相分离过程。优化后的PSM在27.2平方厘米的孔径面积下实现了创纪录（经认证）的23.2%的PCE，稳定的PCE为23.0%。在85°C、相对湿度85%以及1.0个太阳光照条件下进行约1900小时的最大功率点跟踪后，封装的PSM保留了其初始PCE的87.0%。
