Malamud Mariano, Brown Gordon D
Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
EMBO Rep. 2024 Dec;25(12):5239-5264. doi: 10.1038/s44319-024-00296-2. Epub 2024 Oct 31.
The ability of myeloid cells to recognize and differentiate endogenous or exogenous ligands rely on the presence of different transmembrane protein receptors. C-type lectin receptors (CLRs), defined by the presence of a conserved structural motif called C-type lectin-like domain (CTLD), are a crucial family of receptors involved in this process, being able to recognize a diverse range of ligands from glycans to proteins or lipids and capable of initiating an immune response. The Dectin-1 and Dectin-2 clusters involve two groups of CLRs, with genes genomically linked within the natural killer cluster of genes in both humans and mice, and all characterized by the presence of a single extracellular CTLD. Fundamental immune cell functions such as antimicrobial effector mechanisms as well as internalization and presentation of antigens are induced and/or regulated through activatory, or inhibitory signalling pathways triggered by these receptors after ligand binding. In this review, we will discuss the most recent concepts regarding expression, ligands, signaling pathways and functions of each member of the Dectin clusters of CLRs, highlighting the importance and diversity of their functions.
髓系细胞识别和区分内源性或外源性配体的能力依赖于不同跨膜蛋白受体的存在。C型凝集素受体（CLRs）由一种称为C型凝集素样结构域（CTLD）的保守结构基序定义，是参与这一过程的关键受体家族，能够识别从聚糖到蛋白质或脂质的多种配体，并能够引发免疫反应。Dectin-1和Dectin-2簇涉及两组CLRs，其基因在人类和小鼠的自然杀伤基因簇中在基因组上相连，并且所有这些受体的特征都是存在单个细胞外CTLD。诸如抗菌效应机制以及抗原的内化和呈递等基本免疫细胞功能是通过这些受体在配体结合后触发的激活或抑制信号通路来诱导和/或调节的。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论关于CLRs的Dectin簇各成员的表达、配体、信号通路和功能的最新概念，强调其功能的重要性和多样性。
