School of Sport, Exercise, and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK.
Physiol Rep. 2024 Nov;12(21):e70105. doi: 10.14814/phy2.70105.
Redox reactions, involving electron transfer, are critical to human physiology. However, progress in understanding redox metabolism is hindered by flawed analytical methods. This review highlights emerging techniques that promise to revolutionize redox research, enhancing our comprehension of human health and disease. Oxygen, vital for aerobic metabolism, also produces reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. While historically seen as harmful, ROS at low concentrations are now recognized as key regulators of cell signaling. A balance between ROS and antioxidants, known as redox balance, is crucial, and deviations can lead to oxidative stress. Recent studies have distinguished beneficial "oxidative eustress" from harmful "oxidative distress." New techniques, such as advanced mass spectrometry and high-throughput immunoassays, offer improved accuracy in measuring redox states and oxidative damage. These advancements are pivotal for understanding redox signaling, cysteine oxidation, and their implications for disease. Looking ahead, the development of precision redox medicine could lead to better treatments for oxidative stress-related diseases and foster interventions promoting health.
氧化还原反应涉及电子转移，对人体生理学至关重要。然而，由于分析方法存在缺陷，人们对氧化还原代谢的理解进展受到阻碍。本篇综述强调了一些新兴技术，这些技术有望彻底改变氧化还原研究，增进我们对人类健康和疾病的认识。氧气对需氧代谢至关重要，但也会产生活性氧（ROS），如超氧自由基和过氧化氢。尽管 ROS 曾被认为是有害的，但现在人们已经认识到低浓度的 ROS 是细胞信号转导的关键调节剂。ROS 和抗氧化剂之间的平衡，即氧化还原平衡，至关重要，而偏离平衡则可能导致氧化应激。最近的研究区分了有益的“氧化适应”和有害的“氧化应激”。一些新技术，如高级质谱和高通量免疫测定，在测量氧化还原状态和氧化损伤方面提供了更高的准确性。这些进展对于理解氧化还原信号、半胱氨酸氧化及其对疾病的影响至关重要。展望未来，精准氧化还原医学的发展可能会为与氧化应激相关的疾病带来更好的治疗方法，并促进促进健康的干预措施。
