Sagayama Hiroyuki, Toguchi Makiko, Yasukata Jun, Tomiga-Takae Rie, Kose Yujiro, Ikenaga Masahiro, Komiyama Takaaki, Ichikawa Mamiko, Lakicevic Nemanja, Higaki Yasuki, Tanaka Hiroaki, Nunome Hiroyuki
Institute of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.
Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.
Transl Sports Med. 2024 Oct 24;2024:6458445. doi: 10.1155/2024/6458445. eCollection 2024.
Jumping performance is influenced by body composition and excess fat mass impairs performance. Maintaining optimal fat mass and fat-free mass (FFM) is crucial for enhancing jump height. However, there is limited evidence on short-term weight loss programs that reduce fat mass without water restriction and their effects on muscle function and jumping performance. This study aimed to clarify the effects of a 1-week weight loss program on jumping height and muscle function of volleyball players. The weight loss group engaged in two 40 min slow-paced jogging sessions in addition to their daily training routine. Energy intake was restricted without limitations on water intake. Total body water and body composition using the deuterium dilution method, muscle strength, and jump height before and after 1 week were evaluated for those in the weight loss and control groups. Body mass was significantly reduced in the weight loss group (-2.7 ± 1.3%, < 0.05) with a significant reduction in fat mass (-17.7 ± 10.7%, < 0.05). Meanwhile, there were no significant changes in total body water or FFM. Muscle strength and power tests indicated no significant differences between the groups; no notable differences were observed in handgrip strength or knee extension torque. The height of a single vertical and continuous jump remained consistent pre- and postintervention in the control group. In the weight loss group, although the height of a single vertical jump exhibited a slight decline postintervention, the height of a continuous jump displayed no significant changes. The short-term weight loss program significantly reduced fat mass without compromising muscle function, which is crucial for sports performance. These findings may benefit other athletes who require fat mass reduction while maintaining muscle function and help create new programs during specific training phases.
跳跃性能受身体成分影响，过多的脂肪量会损害运动表现。维持最佳脂肪量和去脂体重（FFM）对于提高跳跃高度至关重要。然而，关于在不限制水分摄入的情况下减少脂肪量的短期减肥计划及其对肌肉功能和跳跃性能影响的证据有限。本研究旨在阐明为期1周的减肥计划对排球运动员跳跃高度和肌肉功能的影响。减肥组除日常训练外，还进行了两次40分钟的慢节奏慢跑。能量摄入受限，但水分摄入不受限制。对减肥组和对照组的受试者在1周前后进行了使用氘稀释法测定的全身水和身体成分、肌肉力量以及跳跃高度的评估。减肥组的体重显著降低（-2.7±1.3%，<0.05），脂肪量显著减少（-17.7±10.7%，<0.05）。与此同时，全身水或FFM没有显著变化。肌肉力量和功率测试表明两组之间没有显著差异；在握力或膝关节伸展扭矩方面没有观察到明显差异。对照组单次垂直和连续跳跃的高度在干预前后保持一致。在减肥组中，虽然单次垂直跳跃的高度在干预后略有下降，但连续跳跃的高度没有显著变化。短期减肥计划在不损害肌肉功能的情况下显著减少了脂肪量，这对运动表现至关重要。这些发现可能有益于其他需要减少脂肪量同时维持肌肉功能的运动员，并有助于在特定训练阶段制定新的计划。
