Qiu Xu, Tang Xixiang
State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, China.
Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
Front Microbiol. 2024 Oct 17;15:1467153. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1467153. eCollection 2024.
Elucidation of the adaptation mechanisms and survival strategies of deep-sea microorganisms to extreme environments could provide a theoretical basis for the industrial development of extreme enzymes. There is currently a lack of understanding of the metabolic adaptation mechanisms of deep-sea microorganisms to high-pressure environments. The objective of this study was to investigate the metabolic regulatory mechanisms enabling a strain of the deep-sea bacterium to thrive under high-pressure conditions. To achieve this, we used nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomic and RNA sequencing-based transcriptomic analyses of strain YLB-09, which was previously isolated by our research group and shown to be capable of tolerating high pressure levels and low temperatures. We found that high-pressure conditions had pronounced impacts on the metabolic pattern of YLB-09, as evidenced by alterations in energy, amino acid, and glycerolipid metabolism, among other processes. YLB-09 adapted to the high-pressure conditions of the deep sea by switching from aerobic intracellular energy metabolism to trimethylamine N-oxide respiration, altering the amino acid profile, and regulating the composition and the fluidity of cell membrane. The findings of our study demonstrate the capacity of microorganisms to alter their metabolism in response to elevated pressure, thereby establishing a foundation for a more profound understanding of the survival mechanisms of life in high-pressure environments.
阐明深海微生物对极端环境的适应机制和生存策略可为极端酶的工业开发提供理论依据。目前，人们对深海微生物对高压环境的代谢适应机制尚缺乏了解。本研究的目的是探究使一株深海细菌在高压条件下茁壮生长的代谢调控机制。为实现这一目标，我们对菌株YLB - 09进行了基于核磁共振的代谢组学分析和基于RNA测序的转录组学分析，该菌株先前由我们的研究团队分离得到，已证明其能够耐受高压和低温。我们发现，高压条件对YLB - 09的代谢模式有显著影响，能量、氨基酸和甘油脂质代谢等过程的改变即为明证。YLB - 09通过从需氧细胞内能量代谢转变为三甲胺N - 氧化物呼吸、改变氨基酸谱以及调节细胞膜的组成和流动性来适应深海的高压条件。我们的研究结果证明了微生物能够响应压力升高而改变其代谢，从而为更深入理解高压环境中生命的生存机制奠定了基础。
