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意志的神经解剖学

Neuroanatomy of the Will.

作者信息

Sonne James William Hendry

机构信息

Greenville, SC, USA;

出版信息

NeuroSci. 2022 Nov 7;3(4):616-623. doi: 10.3390/neurosci3040044. eCollection 2022 Dec.

Abstract

Questions regarding the nature and source of consciousness and individual agency to make decisions have enormous practical implications that include human health and wellbeing, social policy, and economics. Ethical issues involving the ability for patients to make conscious, informed choices, such as in cases of dementia or coma, abound, and the health implications of individual choice on public wellbeing are becoming increasingly important as population densities increase. Furthermore, the use of animals for drug testing presents moral dilemmas related to our concepts of consciousness, pain, and consent. While philosophers have long debated aspects of consciousness, the means to scientifically address specific questions regarding regional and cellular functions of the brain are constantly emerging, as are new theories of physical laws and particle interactions which allow for the formation of new hypotheses of the source of consciousness. These emerging capabilities and hypotheses are increasingly able to be subjected to methodological scrutiny by the scientific community. To facilitate open discussion and advances in investigations regarding the nature of consciousness, this Topical Collection is intended to provide a peer-reviewed space to discuss or propose falsifiable hypotheses of consciousness in a full range of systems, using methods across disciplines of biology, physics, computer science, and philosophy of science that can inform such a discussion, while emphasizing the role that our conception of consciousness has on human health, society, and policy.

摘要

关于意识的本质、来源以及个体做出决策的能动性等问题具有巨大的实际影响,涵盖人类健康与福祉、社会政策以及经济学等领域。涉及患者做出有意识、明智选择能力的伦理问题大量存在,比如在痴呆症或昏迷病例中,而且随着人口密度的增加,个体选择对公众健康的影响变得愈发重要。此外,利用动物进行药物测试引发了与我们对意识、疼痛和同意的概念相关的道德困境。尽管哲学家们长期以来一直在争论意识的各个方面,但科学地解决有关大脑区域和细胞功能的具体问题的方法不断涌现,新的物理定律和粒子相互作用理论也不断出现,这些理论使得关于意识来源的新假设得以形成。这些新出现的能力和假设越来越能够受到科学界的方法学审查。为了促进关于意识本质的公开讨论和研究进展,本专题文集旨在提供一个经过同行评审的空间,以讨论或提出关于意识在各种系统中的可证伪假设,运用生物学、物理学、计算机科学以及科学哲学等跨学科方法为这一讨论提供参考,同时强调我们对意识的概念对人类健康、社会和政策的作用。

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本文引用的文献

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Gut markers of bodily self-consciousness in men.男性身体自我意识的肠道标志物。
iScience. 2022 Sep 5;25(10):105061. doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105061. eCollection 2022 Oct 21.
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Consciousness as a Memory System.意识作为一个记忆系统。
Cogn Behav Neurol. 2022 Dec 1;35(4):263-297. doi: 10.1097/WNN.0000000000000319.
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Debunking a myth: plant consciousness.破除一个神话:植物意识。
Protoplasma. 2021 May;258(3):459-476. doi: 10.1007/s00709-020-01579-w. Epub 2020 Nov 16.
7
Integrated information as a possible basis for plant consciousness.作为植物意识可能基础的整合信息。
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2021 Jul 30;564:158-165. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.10.022. Epub 2020 Oct 17.
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The finer scale of consciousness: quantum theory.意识的更精细尺度:量子理论。
Ann Transl Med. 2019 Oct;7(20):585. doi: 10.21037/atm.2019.09.09.
9
Artificial Intelligence: Does Consciousness Matter?人工智能:意识重要吗?
Front Psychol. 2019 Jul 2;10:1535. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01535. eCollection 2019.

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