Injectable interface-bonded fiber-reinforced thiolated chitosan hydrogels for enhanced cellular activities and cartilage regeneration.

Injectable hydrogels with heterogeneous fibrous structures possessing good mechanical and biological characteristics are attracting increasing research interest in cartilage repair. The integration of nanofibers into hydrogel would largely enhance mechanical property, but impedes the gelation process and formation of hydrogel structures. Construction of biocompatible and mechanical supporting hydrogel with low fiber content remains a challenge. In this study, we developed a chemical cross-linked fibrous hydrogel, namely Thiol chitosan-Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)-Polydopamine (CSSH-PP), for facilitating cell proliferation and promoting cartilage tissues regeneration. Compared to conventional CSSH hydrogels, the compressive strength of CSSH-PP scaffolds exhibited a significant increase percentage of 100 %. Incorporation of CSSH-PP upgraded the cell migration with a four-fold increase. Besides, the infiltration of host cells and the formation of new blood vessels were observed in rat models when implanted with CSSH-PP, enhancing the native tissue microenvironmental reconstruction and leading a sustained repair in articular cartilage.