Quantifying entanglement for unknown quantum states via artificial neural networks.

Quantum entanglement acts as a crucial part in quantum computation and quantum information, hence quantifying unknown entanglement is an important task. Due to the fact that the amount of entanglement cannot be achieved directly by measuring any physical observables, it remains an open problem to quantify entanglement experimentally. In this work, we provide an effective way to quantify entanglement for the unknown quantum states via artificial neural networks. By choosing the expectation values of measurements as input features and the values of entanglement measures as labels, we train artificial neural network models to predict the entanglement for new quantum states accurately. Our method does not require the full information about unknown quantum states, which highlights the effectiveness and versatility of machine learning in exploring quantum entanglement.