Doctoral School of Environmental Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary; Ecophysiological and Environmental Toxicological Research Group, HUN-REN Balaton Limnological Research Institute, Tihany, Hungary; National Laboratory for Water Science and Water Security, HUN-REN Balaton Limnological Research Institute, Tihany, Hungary.
Ecophysiological and Environmental Toxicological Research Group, HUN-REN Balaton Limnological Research Institute, Tihany, Hungary; National Laboratory for Water Science and Water Security, HUN-REN Balaton Limnological Research Institute, Tihany, Hungary.
Aquat Toxicol. 2024 Dec;277:107134. doi: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107134. Epub 2024 Oct 28.
The prevalence of organic/chemical UV-filter compounds in aquatic ecosystems represents a growing environmental issue. The long-term toxicity risks of many UV-filters at environmentally relevant concentrations to aquatic biota are still less studied, especially in the case of invertebrates. This study was designed to evaluate the chronic toxicity of avobenzone (AVO), octocrylene (OCTO), and octinoxate (OCTI), three UV-filters which frequently occur in the aquatic environment, to the water flea (Daphnia magna) at an environmentally relevant concentration of 200 ng l in a 21-day exposure. Potential alterations in the growth, reproduction, and heart rate were continuously monitored during the treatments. Filtration rate, swimming, and the state of the antioxidant- and metabolic functions were evaluated at the end of exposures. Avobenzone significantly increased the reproductive output, heart rate, and filtration rate, while evoked a significant decrease of swimming behavior, and inhibited the activity of catalase (CAT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzymes. The body size, reproduction, heart rate, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were significantly increased whereas the activity of GST and CAT was significantly reduced by OCTO. OCTI significantly increased reproduction, heart rate, CAT and SOD activity but significantly decreased the swimming behavior. Our results confirmed that chronic exposure to organic UV-filters even at environmentally relevant concentrations affect basic physiological traits and cellular defense pathways in D. magna. Highlighting, our observations revealed previously unknown physiological changes (e.g., altered heart rate, filtration rate, SOD activity) caused by the investigated UV-filter compounds. Future research is to be aimed at investigating the mixture effects of these compounds and at the understanding of the potential cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the changes induced.
有机/化学紫外线滤光化合物在水生生态系统中的存在是一个日益严重的环境问题。许多紫外线滤光剂在环境相关浓度下对水生生物的长期毒性风险仍研究较少，尤其是在无脊椎动物方面。本研究旨在评估三种经常出现在水生环境中的紫外线滤光剂阿伏苯宗（AVO）、奥克立林（OCTO）和辛氧烷醇（OCTI）在 21 天暴露于 200ng/L 的环境相关浓度下对水蚤（Daphnia magna）的慢性毒性。在处理过程中，连续监测生长、繁殖和心率的潜在变化。在暴露结束时，评估了过滤率、游泳和抗氧化和代谢功能的状态。阿伏苯宗显著增加了繁殖产量、心率和过滤率，同时引起游泳行为显著下降，并抑制了过氧化氢酶（CAT）和谷胱甘肽 S-转移酶（GST）酶的活性。OCTO 显著增加了身体大小、繁殖、心率和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性，而 GST 和 CAT 的活性则显著降低。OCTI 显著增加了繁殖、心率、CAT 和 SOD 活性，但显著降低了游泳行为。我们的结果证实，即使在环境相关浓度下，慢性暴露于有机紫外线滤光剂也会影响水蚤的基本生理特征和细胞防御途径。突出的是，我们的观察结果揭示了以前未知的生理变化（例如，心率、过滤率、SOD 活性改变）由被研究的紫外线滤光化合物引起。未来的研究旨在调查这些化合物的混合物效应，并了解诱导变化背后的潜在细胞和分子机制。
