Fard Amir Hossein Mohammadian, Matloub Samiye
Quantum Photonics Research Lab (QPRL), Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, 5166614761, Iran.
Sci Rep. 2024 Nov 2;14(1):26391. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-78165-0.
This study investigates a carbon-based all-perovskite tandem solar cell (AP-TSC) with the structure ITO, SnO₂, Cs₀.₂FA₀.₈Pb(I₀.₇Br₀.₃)₃, WS₂, MoO₃, ITO, C₆₀, MAPb₀.₅Sn₀.₅I₃, PEDOT: PSS, Carbon. The bandgap configuration of the cell is 1.75 eV/1.17 eV, which is theoretically limited to 36% efficiency. The effectiveness of embedding cubic plasmonic metallic nanoparticles (NPs) made of Gold (Au) and Silver (Ag) within the absorber layers to eliminate the requirement for thicker absorber layers, decrease manufacturing costs and Pb toxicity is demonstrated in our analysis. This analysis was conducted using 3D Finite Element Method (FEM) simulations for both optical and electrical calculations. Prior to delving into the primary investigation of the tandem structure, a validation simulation was conducted to demonstrate the accuracy and reliability of the simulations. Notably, the efficiency mismatch observed during the validation simulation, specifically in relation to the incorporation of metallic nanoparticles (NPs), amounted to a mere 0.01%. To mitigate the potential issues of direct contact between metallic NPs and perovskite materials, such as increased thermal and chemical instability and recombination at the NP surface, a 5 nm dielectric shell was applied to the NPs. The incorporation of cubic core-shell Ag NPs resulted in a 15.32% enhancement in short-circuit current density, from 16.39 mA/cm² to 18.90 mA/cm², and a 15.68% increase in overall efficiency, from 26.9 to 31.12%. This research paves the way for the integration of core-shell metallic NPs in AP-TSCs, highlighting a significant potential for efficiency and stability improvements. In a dedicated section the band alignment of the sub-cell was addressed. Additionally, a thermal investigation of the proposed tandem structure was conducted, demonstrating the robustness of the proposed AP-TSC. Finally, the sensitivity analyses related to input parameters and the challenges associated with large-scale fabrication of the proposed AP-TSC were extensively discussed.
本研究对结构为氧化铟锡（ITO）、二氧化锡（SnO₂）、铯铕铅碘溴（Cs₀.₂FA₀.₈Pb(I₀.₇Br₀.₃)₃）、二硫化钨（WS₂）、三氧化钼（MoO₃）、ITO、富勒烯（C₆₀）、甲脒锡铅碘（MAPb₀.₅Sn₀.₅I₃）、聚（3,4 - 乙撑二氧噻吩）聚苯乙烯磺酸盐（PEDOT: PSS）、碳的碳基全钙钛矿串联太阳能电池（AP - TSC）进行了研究。该电池的带隙配置为1.75电子伏特/1.17电子伏特，理论效率限制为36%。我们的分析表明，将由金（Au）和银（Ag）制成的立方等离激元金属纳米颗粒（NPs）嵌入吸收层中，能够消除对更厚吸收层的需求，降低制造成本并减少铅毒性。此分析使用三维有限元方法（FEM）模拟进行光学和电学计算。在深入研究串联结构的主要内容之前，先进行了一次验证模拟，以证明模拟的准确性和可靠性。值得注意的是，在验证模拟过程中观察到的效率失配，特别是与金属纳米颗粒（NPs）的掺入有关的失配，仅为0.01%。为了减轻金属纳米颗粒与钙钛矿材料直接接触可能产生热和化学不稳定性增加以及纳米颗粒表面复合等潜在问题，给纳米颗粒施加了5纳米的介电壳层。掺入立方核壳银纳米颗粒后，短路电流密度从16.39毫安/平方厘米提高到18.90毫安/平方厘米，提高了15.32%，整体效率从26.9%提高到31.12%，提高了15.68%。本研究为核壳金属纳米颗粒在AP - TSCs中的集成铺平了道路，突出了在提高效率和稳定性方面的巨大潜力。在一个专门的部分中讨论了子电池的能带排列。此外，对所提出的串联结构进行了热研究，证明了所提出的AP - TSC的稳健性。最后，广泛讨论了与输入参数相关的灵敏度分析以及所提出的AP - TSC大规模制造所面临的挑战。
