Biliary Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography.

Since inception in 1968, biliary endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) has transformed into a highly effective, minimally invasive modality for the identification and treatment of a variety of biliary pathologies including benign, malignant, and iatrogenic diseases. The diagnostic role of ERCP has been largely replaced by high-quality imaging modalities including endoscopic ultrasound and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography. However, there continues to be significant demand for therapeutic procedures. This article reviews the general principles of ERCP, as well as common indications, contraindications, and potential adverse events with which endoscopists and referring physicians should be familiar.