UKM-Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi 43600, Malaysia.
Center of Industrial Applications and Materials Technology, Scientific Research Commission, Iraq.
Neuroscience. 2024 Dec 6;562:106-124. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.10.046. Epub 2024 Oct 26.
Neuroprobes that use nanostructured photonic interfaces are capable of multimodal sensing, stimulation, and imaging with unprecedented spatio-temporal resolution. In addition to electrical recording, optogenetic modulation, high-resolution optical imaging, and molecular sensing, these advanced probes combine nanophotonic waveguides, optical transducers, nanostructured electrodes, and biochemical sensors. The potential of this technology lies in unraveling the mysteries of neural coding principles, mapping functional connectivity in complex brain circuits, and developing new therapeutic interventions for neurological disorders. Nevertheless, achieving the full potential of nanostructured photonic neural probes requires overcoming challenges such as ensuring long-term biocompatibility, integrating nanoscale components at high density, and developing robust data-analysis pipelines. In this review, we summarize and discuss the role of photonics in neural probes, trends in electrode diameter for neural interface technologies, nanophotonic technologies using nanostructured materials, advances in nanofabrication photonics interface engineering, and challenges and opportunities. Finally, interdisciplinary efforts are required to unlock the transformative potential of next-generation neuroscience therapies.
利用纳米结构光子界面的神经探针能够以前所未有的时空分辨率进行多模态传感、刺激和成像。除了电记录、光遗传学调制、高分辨率光学成像和分子传感外，这些先进的探针还结合了纳米光子波导、光学换能器、纳米结构电极和生化传感器。该技术的潜力在于揭示神经编码原理的奥秘、绘制复杂脑回路中的功能连接图谱，并为神经疾病开发新的治疗干预措施。然而，要充分发挥纳米结构光子神经探针的潜力，需要克服一些挑战，如确保长期生物相容性、在高密度下集成纳米级组件以及开发稳健的数据分析管道。在这篇综述中，我们总结和讨论了光子学在神经探针中的作用、神经接口技术中电极直径的趋势、使用纳米结构材料的纳米光子技术、纳米制造光子学接口工程的进展，以及挑战和机遇。最后，需要跨学科的努力来释放下一代神经科学疗法的变革潜力。
