Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada.
Nat Nanotechnol. 2010 Jun;5(6):391-400. doi: 10.1038/nnano.2010.78. Epub 2010 May 16.
The detection of photons underpins imaging, spectroscopy, fibre-optic communications and time-gated distance measurements. Nanostructured materials are attractive for detection applications because they can be integrated with conventional silicon electronics and flexible, large-area substrates, and can be processed from the solution phase using established techniques such as spin casting, spray coating and layer-by-layer deposition. In addition, their performance has improved rapidly in recent years. Here we review progress in light sensing using nanostructured materials, focusing on solution-processed materials such as colloidal quantum dots and metal nanoparticles. These devices exhibit phenomena such as absorption of ultraviolet light, plasmonic enhancement of absorption, size-based spectral tuning, multiexciton generation, and charge carrier storage in surface and interface traps.
光子的探测是成像、光谱学、光纤通信和时间门距测量的基础。纳米结构材料在检测应用中很有吸引力，因为它们可以与传统的硅电子器件以及柔韧、大面积的衬底集成，并且可以使用旋涂、喷涂和层层沉积等已建立的技术从溶液相进行加工。此外，它们的性能近年来也迅速提高。在这里，我们综述了使用纳米结构材料进行光感测的进展，重点介绍了胶体量子点和金属纳米粒子等溶液处理材料。这些器件表现出一些现象，如紫外光吸收、等离子体增强吸收、基于尺寸的光谱调谐、多激子产生以及表面和界面陷阱中的电荷载流子存储。
