Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States; North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States.
Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States.
Ageing Res Rev. 2024 Dec;102:102555. doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102555. Epub 2024 Oct 28.
Large retrospective cohort studies have consistently shown that people who exercise regularly are at a markedly reduced risk of dementias such as Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Animal studies have also found that exercise can prevent cognitive decline, and recent studies have identified possible mechanisms. However, randomized controlled trials of exercise interventions in AD and mild cognitive impairment have not reached a consensus regarding the efficacy of this treatment, hampering clinical adoption of this technique. This review examines these randomized controlled trials to assess potential causes for the variability in the measured outcomes. We posit that great variance in the methods used in these studies may account for some of the differences seen in outcomes. We determined that aerobic exercise led to the most benefits, that many cognitive domains improve with exercise, and that aerobic exercise enhances the ability for independent living. However, cognitive improvements were more pronounced and consistent in patients with mild cognitive impairment than AD, suggesting a narrow window of opportunity for exercise intervention.
大量回顾性队列研究一致表明，经常锻炼的人患阿尔茨海默病（AD）等痴呆症的风险明显降低。动物研究还发现，锻炼可以预防认知能力下降，最近的研究也确定了可能的机制。然而，AD 和轻度认知障碍的锻炼干预随机对照试验尚未就该治疗的疗效达成共识，这阻碍了该技术的临床应用。本综述检查了这些随机对照试验，以评估测量结果中存在差异的潜在原因。我们假设，这些研究中使用的方法的巨大差异可能是导致结果差异的部分原因。我们确定，有氧运动带来的益处最大，许多认知领域都可以通过锻炼得到改善，而且有氧运动可以提高独立生活的能力。然而，与 AD 相比，轻度认知障碍患者的认知改善更为明显和一致，这表明锻炼干预的机会之窗很窄。
