Garg Rahul, Prasad Abhijit Kumar, Agarwala Pragya
Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, India.
Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, India.
Indian J Med Microbiol. 2024 Nov-Dec;52:100749. doi: 10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100749. Epub 2024 Oct 30.
First isolated in 1965 from a case of febrile encephalopathy, the Chandipura virus (CHPV) causes sporadic cases as well as periodic outbreaks of encephalitis in parts of India. Transmitted by sandflies and mosquitoes, CHPV infection has high mortality within 48 h of hospitalization, with children bearing the brunt of the illness. The virus garnered global attention in the middle of 2024 as India witnessed its largest outbreak in the last two decades.
This article aims to synthesise the existing knowledge on various aspects of CHPV and outline current actions needed as well as potential directions for future research.
Between early June and August 15th, 2024, India reported 245 cases of encephalitis from the states of Gujarat and Rajasthan, 64 of which were laboratory-confirmed CHPV infections. The mortality toll of the outbreak was 82, accounting for a case fatality rate of 33 %. With this outbreak, the virus has expanded its niche from central and southern to north-western India. Significant advancements in the understanding of the neuropathogenesis of the virus and the development of diagnostic assays have been made in the 21st century. However, no specific antiviral drugs or vaccines are available. A G-protein-based recombinant vaccine and an inactivated vaccine have shown favourable results in pre-clinical trials. The need of the hour is to fast-track the development of an effective vaccine. A high suspicion for early identification and prompt referral of cases, decentralized diagnostic facilities, sensitization of healthcare workers, integrated vector management and effective reporting and surveillance systems are all needed to curb the menace of this perilous pathogen. The current outbreak should serve as a wake-up call to foster intersectoral collaboration between policymakers, public health experts, epidemiologists, virologists, neurologists, paediatricians, and anthropologists to develop and implement effective strategies against the virus.
钱迪普拉病毒（CHPV）于1965年首次从一例发热性脑病病例中分离出来，在印度部分地区引发散发病例以及周期性脑炎疫情。该病毒通过白蛉和蚊子传播，CHPV感染在住院48小时内死亡率很高，儿童首当其冲。随着印度在2024年年中经历了过去二十年来最大规模的疫情爆发，该病毒引起了全球关注。
本文旨在综合关于CHPV各方面的现有知识，并概述当前所需行动以及未来研究的潜在方向。
在2024年6月初至8月15日期间，印度古吉拉特邦和拉贾斯坦邦报告了245例脑炎病例，其中64例经实验室确诊为CHPV感染。此次疫情的死亡人数为82人，病死率为33%。随着此次疫情爆发，该病毒的传播范围已从印度中部和南部扩大到西北部。在21世纪，人们对该病毒的神经发病机制的理解以及诊断检测方法的开发取得了重大进展。然而，目前尚无特效抗病毒药物或疫苗。一种基于G蛋白的重组疫苗和一种灭活疫苗在临床前试验中显示出良好效果。当务之急是加快有效疫苗的研发。为遏制这种危险病原体的威胁，需要高度怀疑以便早期识别并及时转诊病例、分散诊断设施、提高医护人员的意识、进行综合病媒管理以及建立有效的报告和监测系统。当前的疫情应敲响警钟，促使政策制定者、公共卫生专家、流行病学家、病毒学家、神经学家、儿科医生和人类学家之间开展跨部门合作，以制定和实施针对该病毒的有效策略。
