Faseela Parammal, Veena Mathew, Sen Akhila, Anjitha K S, Aswathi K P Raj, Sruthi Palliyath, Puthur Jos T
Department of Botany, Korambayil Ahamed Haji Memorial Unity Women's College, Malappuram, Kerala, India.
Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Division, Department of Botany, University of Calicut, C. U. Campus P.O, Malappuram, Kerala, India.
Int J Phytoremediation. 2025;27(3):372-389. doi: 10.1080/15226514.2024.2420328. Epub 2024 Nov 3.
This review addresses plant interactions with HMs, emphasizing defence mechanisms and the role of chelating agents, antioxidants and various elicitor molecules in mitigating metal toxicity in plants. To combat soil contamination with HMs, chelate assisted phytoextraction using application of natural or synthetic aminopolycarboxylic acids is an effective strategy. Plants also employ diverse signaling pathways, including hormones, calcium, reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases influencing gene expression and defence mechanisms to counter HM stress. Phytohormones enhance the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defence mechanism and the level of secondary metabolites in plants when exposed to HM stress. Also it activates genes responsible for DNA repair mechanism. In addition, the plant hormones can also regulate the activity of several transporters of HMs, thereby preventing their entry into the cell. Elicitor molecules regulate metal and metalloid absorption, sequestration and transport in plants. Combining of different elicitors like jasmonic acid, calcium, salicylic acid etc. effectively mitigates metal and metalloid stress in plants. Moreover, microbes including bacteria and fungi, offer eco-friendly and efficient solution for HM remediation. Understanding these elicitors, microbes and various signaling pathways is crucial for developing strategies to enhance plant resilience to metal and metalloid stress.
本综述探讨了植物与重金属的相互作用，重点关注防御机制以及螯合剂、抗氧化剂和各种诱导分子在减轻植物金属毒性方面的作用。为应对土壤重金属污染，使用天然或合成氨基多羧酸进行螯合辅助植物提取是一种有效的策略。植物还利用多种信号通路，包括激素、钙、活性氧、一氧化氮和丝裂原活化蛋白激酶，来影响基因表达和防御机制，以应对重金属胁迫。植物激素在植物受到重金属胁迫时，会增强其酶促和非酶促抗氧化防御机制以及次生代谢产物的水平。此外，它还会激活负责DNA修复机制的基因。另外，植物激素还可以调节几种重金属转运蛋白的活性，从而防止它们进入细胞。诱导分子调节植物中金属和类金属的吸收、螯合和运输。将茉莉酸、钙、水杨酸等不同诱导剂结合使用，可有效减轻植物中的金属和类金属胁迫。此外，包括细菌和真菌在内的微生物为重金属修复提供了环保且高效的解决方案。了解这些诱导剂、微生物和各种信号通路对于制定增强植物对金属和类金属胁迫抗性的策略至关重要。
