Fujimori H, Sakaguchi M
Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr. 1986 Jan;54(1):1-14. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-1001844.
A detailed investigation was carried out on the schizophrenics who committed suicide at the Tokyo Metropolitan Hospital Matsuzawa during the last 30 years. Of these 58 schizophrenics, 52 cases (male 25, female 27) were studied in this report. The mean age of suicide patients was 38.6 years (male: 34.3 years, female: 42.6 years); in males the suicide occurred between 20 and 39 years (80%), while females showed a wider distribution with two peaks in the 25 to 34 years group (26%) and the 40 to 54 years group (41%). 88% (22/25) of males were unmarried, whereas only 33% (9/27) of the women were unmarried. Suicide methods were comprised of hanging (51.9%-27 cases), being run over by a streetcar (28.8%-15 cases), drowning (6 cases), jumping off a high building (3 cases) and intoxication by creosol liquid soap (1 case). In case of male patients hanging was most frequent (72%), followed by jumping into a streetcar to get run over (24%). Likewise, hanging and jumping into a streetcar were most frequent in females (33.3%, respectively), followed by drowning (22.2%), a method selected by females only. From 1951 to 1960 (right before and after the introduction of psychopharmacotherapy) hanging ranked first, but the suicide methods were shifted to the jumping into a streetcar and drowning after installation of the Open-Door-System (around the years 1961-1970). During the last 10 years (from 1971 to 1980) suicide by jumping from a high building increased. Suicide committed in the open ward occurred 9 times only (17.3%); it was, therefore, a much rarer occurrence than had been expected. This fact may show that such an open ward system would be associated with a relatively low risk of suicide. After introduction of psychiatric pharmacotherapy and as social rehabilitation continued, the incidence was relatively stable and no increase was found in our data. Only 4 patients (7.7%) left suicide notes, which made it difficult to draw a clear conclusion on the motivations. Twenty-six cases (50%) died by the first attempted suicide, but in 13 cases (25%) suicide was finally accomplished after the second trial or more. Women performed several repeated suicide attempts (37%), whereas the male patients died at the first or second attempt (88%). Hospitalization lasted on an average for 5 years and 8 months (male: 3 years and 8 months, female: 7 years and 6 months); the shortest stay was 2 days and the longest was 25 years and 11 months.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
对过去30年在东京都立松泽医院自杀的精神分裂症患者进行了详细调查。在这58例精神分裂症患者中，本报告研究了52例（男性25例，女性27例）。自杀患者的平均年龄为38.6岁（男性：34.3岁，女性：42.6岁）；男性自杀发生在20至39岁之间（80%），而女性分布更广泛，在25至34岁组（26%）和40至54岁组（41%）出现两个高峰。88%（22/25）的男性未婚，而只有33%（9/27）的女性未婚。自杀方式包括上吊（51.9% - 27例）、被电车碾压（28.8% - 15例）、溺水（6例）、跳楼（3例）和用杂酚液皂中毒（1例）。男性患者中，上吊最为常见（72%），其次是跳入电车被碾压（24%）。同样，女性中上吊和跳入电车最为常见（均为33.3%），其次是溺水（22.2%），溺水是女性独选的方式。1951年至1960年（精神药物治疗引入前后），上吊排名第一，但在开放病房系统建立后（大约1961 - 1970年），自杀方式转变为跳入电车和溺水。在过去10年（1971年至1980年），跳楼自杀有所增加。在开放病房发生的自杀仅9次（17.3%）；因此，这一情况比预期的要罕见得多。这一事实可能表明，这样的开放病房系统与相对较低的自杀风险相关。在引入精神科药物治疗并持续进行社会康复后，发病率相对稳定，我们的数据中未发现增加。只有4例患者（7.7%）留下了遗书，这使得难以就动机得出明确结论。26例（50%）患者首次自杀未遂即死亡，但13例（25%）患者在第二次或更多次尝试后最终自杀成功。女性进行多次重复自杀尝试（37%），而男性患者在第一次或第二次尝试时死亡（88%）。住院平均持续5年8个月（男性：3年8个月，女性：7年6个月）；最短住院2天，最长住院25年11个月。（摘要截选至400字）
