Sequeira-Nazaré Elena Renée, Schmitz Bernhard
Department of Psychology, Technical University Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany.
Front Psychol. 2024 Oct 17;15:1426597. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1426597. eCollection 2024.
The increase in the number of people with mental disorders and the relapse rate of depressive patients give reason to constantly question and further develop psychotherapeutic interventions in order to stabilize therapy effects. Studies show that the art of living, described as the ability to lead a conscious and reflective life, can be learned and trained. The question arises as to what role the development of "art of living skills" have played in the treatment of depressed patients to date, and to what extent the targeted promotion of art of living within the framework of the therapy of depressed patients has an effect on the well-being and the level of depression that goes beyond this. The study is based on a mixed design. Study participants in the first experimental group (EG1, = 53) each received one session of 50 min psychotherapy per week for 4 weeks. The second experimental group (EG2, = 54) received psychotherapy equivalent to EG1 with additional life-skills reflection questions, which were to be answered every day and recorded in a diary. The control group ( = 53) received neither therapy nor reflection questions. The art of living, degree of depression, and satisfaction with life were assessed before and after the 4-week therapy and in the follow-up after 3 months, and the effects were compared. There was a significant decrease in the depression score over the 4 weeks in both therapy groups. EG2 showed a greater decrease in depression over the 4 weeks. However, the difference did not persist over the 3 months. Furthermore, in EG2 there was a significant increase in the Art of Living, Satisfaction with life, and Flourishing Scale over the 4 weeks, while in EG1 there was no change. However, the comparison in the follow-up after 3 months also shows that these effects could not stabilize. Overall, the results provide promising indications for integrating the art of living as a concept more strongly into the therapy of depressive patients. The question arises as to what long-term effects result from additional life skills stimulation and how the therapy effects gained can be stabilized over a longer period of time.
精神障碍患者数量的增加以及抑郁症患者的复发率，使得人们有理由不断质疑并进一步发展心理治疗干预措施，以稳定治疗效果。研究表明，被描述为有意识和反思性生活能力的生活艺术是可以学习和训练的。问题在于，“生活技能艺术”的发展迄今为止在抑郁症患者的治疗中发挥了什么作用，以及在抑郁症患者治疗框架内有针对性地推广生活艺术在多大程度上对幸福感和抑郁程度产生超出此范围的影响。该研究基于混合设计。第一实验组（EG1，n = 53）的研究参与者每周接受一次50分钟的心理治疗，共4周。第二实验组（EG2，n = 54）接受与EG1等效的心理治疗，并额外增加生活技能反思问题，这些问题需要每天回答并记录在日记中。对照组（n = 53）既不接受治疗也不接受反思问题。在为期4周的治疗前后以及3个月后的随访中，对生活艺术、抑郁程度和生活满意度进行评估，并比较效果。两个治疗组在4周内抑郁评分均显著下降。EG2在4周内抑郁程度下降幅度更大。然而，这种差异在3个月内并未持续。此外，EG2在4周内生活艺术、生活满意度和繁荣量表显著增加，而EG1没有变化。然而，3个月后随访中的比较也表明这些效果未能稳定下来。总体而言，研究结果为更有力地将生活艺术概念纳入抑郁症患者治疗提供了有前景的迹象。问题在于额外的生活技能刺激会产生哪些长期影响，以及如何在更长时间内稳定所获得的治疗效果。
