Ibrahim Muhammad Naim, Nik Husain Nik Rosmawati, Ilias Mohamad Ikram, Cheng Kueh Y, Hassan Norzaihan, Hamzah Nurul Ainun, Idris Norazlin, Che Azid Khairul Azuan
Community Medicine Department, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, MYS.
Pediatrics Department, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, MYS.
Cureus. 2024 Oct 1;16(10):e70658. doi: 10.7759/cureus.70658. eCollection 2024 Oct.
Introduction Most studies on indoor air pollution for childhood bronchial asthma (BA) were focused on institutions such as schools. However, many asthma triggers are household sources such as consumer products, smoking, and pets. In Malaysia, there is no specific checklist to evaluate the risk of childhood BA onset from household factors. Thus, the study aims to develop and validate an observation checklist for assessing household-related air pollution on childhood BA onset. Methodology The study was conducted in Kota Bharu Kelantan from March to November 2023. The development of the checklist was conducted in five stages: 1) the construction of domains and items from the existing literature, 2) interviews with the parents, 3) content validation by ten experts (item-level content validity index (I-CVI) and scale-level content validity index (S-CVI), 4) face validation by 12 experts (item-level face validity index (I-FVI) and scale-level face validity index (S-FVI)), and (5) reliability analysis (kappa agreement analysis) involving 20 houses assessed by two assessors. Results The initial draft of the checklist contained five domains with 57 items: sociodemographic (19 items), family history (three items), child's medical history (six items), household attributes (19 items), and outdoor attributes (10 items). The I-CVI scores ranged from 0.90 to 1.00, indicating good relevancy. The S-CVI value was 0.97, showing a satisfactory level. The I-FVI was at least 0.96, and the S-FVI of 0.98 indicating the participants easily understood the checklist. The kappa analysis for five domains combined was 0.92 (95%CI: 0.89-0.95). The final validated checklist consists of five domains with 59 items. Discussion and conclusion The Household-Related Air Pollution on the Childhood Bronchial Asthma Onset Checklist (HAPBAC-Checklist) was designed to address household air pollution originating from indoor sources. However, recognizing the impact of outdoor factors through various pathways, along with considering family history of atopy and medical conditions, is important. The checklist, developed in Malay, aims to enhance utilization and adoption, particularly among local healthcare professionals and authorities. The checklist is a valid and reliable tool for assessing household-related air pollution on childhood BA onset. This novel checklist significantly benefits screening indoor air quality, crucial for preventing childhood BA.
引言 大多数关于儿童支气管哮喘（BA）室内空气污染的研究都集中在学校等机构。然而，许多哮喘诱发因素是家庭来源，如消费品、吸烟和宠物。在马来西亚，没有专门的清单来评估家庭因素导致儿童BA发病的风险。因此，本研究旨在开发并验证一份观察清单，以评估与家庭相关的空气污染对儿童BA发病的影响。
方法 该研究于2023年3月至11月在吉兰丹州哥打巴鲁进行。清单的开发分五个阶段进行：1）从现有文献中构建领域和项目；2）与家长进行访谈；3）由十位专家进行内容验证（项目级内容效度指数（I-CVI）和量表级内容效度指数（S-CVI））；4）由十二位专家进行表面效度验证（项目级表面效度指数（I-FVI）和量表级表面效度指数（S-FVI））；以及5）可靠性分析（kappa一致性分析），涉及由两名评估人员评估的20所房屋。
结果 清单初稿包含五个领域，共57个项目：社会人口统计学（19项）、家族病史（3项）、儿童病史（6项）、家庭属性（19项）和户外属性（10项）。I-CVI分数范围为0.90至1.00，表明相关性良好。S-CVI值为0.97，显示出令人满意的水平。I-FVI至少为0.96，S-FVI为0.98，表明参与者易于理解该清单。五个领域综合的kappa分析为0.92（95%CI：0.89 - 0.95）。最终验证的清单由五个领域和59个项目组成。
讨论与结论 儿童支气管哮喘发病的家庭相关空气污染清单（HAPBAC清单）旨在解决源自室内的家庭空气污染问题。然而，通过各种途径认识到户外因素的影响，并考虑特应性家族病史和医疗状况很重要。该清单以马来语编制，旨在提高其利用率和采用率，特别是在当地医疗专业人员和当局中。该清单是评估与家庭相关的空气污染对儿童BA发病影响的有效且可靠的工具。这份新颖的清单对于筛查室内空气质量具有重要意义，这对于预防儿童BA至关重要。
