Nishihama Yukiko, Jung Chau-Ren, Nakayama Shoji F, Tamura Kenji, Isobe Tomohiko, Michikawa Takehiro, Iwai-Shimada Miyuki, Kobayashi Yayoi, Sekiyama Makiko, Taniguchi Yu, Yamazaki Shin
Japan Environment and Children's Study Programme Office, Health and Environmental Risk Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan.
Japan Environment and Children's Study Programme Office, Health and Environmental Risk Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan; Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
Environ Res. 2021 Jul;198:111196. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111196. Epub 2021 Apr 30.
Exposure to particulate matter (PM) is one of the important risk factors for morbidity and mortality. Although PM concentrations have been assessed using air quality monitoring stations or modelling, few studies have measured indoor PM in large-scale birth cohorts. The Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS) measured indoor and outdoor air quality in approximately 5000 households when the participating children were aged 1.5 and 3 years. PM was collected using portable pumps for 7 days (total of 24 h), inside and outside each home. Prediction models for indoor PM concentrations were built using data collected at age 1.5 years and post-validated against data collected at age 3 years. Median indoor/outdoor PM and PM concentrations at age 1.5 years [3 years] were 12.9/12.7 [12.5/11.3] μg/m and 5.0/6.3 [5.1/6.1] μg/m, respectively. Random forest regression analysis found that the major predictors of indoor PM were indoor PM, outdoor PM, indoor smoking, observable smoke and indoor/outdoor temperature. Indoor PM, outdoor PM, indoor humidity and opening room windows were important predictors of indoor PM concentrations. Indoor benzene, acetaldehyde, ozone and nitrogen dioxide concentrations were also found to predict indoor PM and PM concentrations, possibly due to the formation of secondary organic aerosols. These findings demonstrate the importance of reducing outdoor PM concentrations, avoiding indoor smoking, using air cleaner in applicable and diminishing sources of VOCs that could form secondary organic aerosols, and the resulting models can be used to predict indoor PM concentrations for the rest of the JECS cohort.
接触颗粒物（PM）是发病和死亡的重要风险因素之一。尽管已通过空气质量监测站或模型评估了PM浓度，但很少有研究在大规模出生队列中测量室内PM。日本环境与儿童研究（JECS）在参与研究的儿童1.5岁和3岁时，对约5000户家庭的室内和室外空气质量进行了测量。使用便携式泵在每户家庭的室内和室外收集PM 7天（共24小时）。利用1.5岁时收集的数据建立室内PM浓度预测模型，并根据3岁时收集的数据进行后验证。1.5岁[3岁]时室内/室外PM中位数和PM浓度分别为12.9/12.7 [12.5/11.3] μg/m和5.0/6.3 [5.1/6.1] μg/m。随机森林回归分析发现，室内PM的主要预测因素是室内PM、室外PM、室内吸烟、可见烟雾以及室内/室外温度。室内PM、室外PM、室内湿度和开窗是室内PM浓度的重要预测因素。还发现室内苯、乙醛、臭氧和二氧化氮浓度可预测室内PM和PM浓度，这可能是由于二次有机气溶胶的形成。这些发现表明降低室外PM浓度、避免室内吸烟、在适用时使用空气净化器以及减少可能形成二次有机气溶胶的挥发性有机化合物（VOC）来源的重要性，并且所得到的模型可用于预测JECS队列其他人群的室内PM浓度。
