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INTRODUCTION

Diabetes mellitus, a chronic metabolic disorder, leads to systemic organ damage characterized by oxidative stress and structural alterations, contributing to increased morbidity and mortality. Traditional subcutaneous insulin therapy, while managing hyperglycemia, often falls short in addressing the oxidative damage and preventing organ-specific complications. This study evaluates the therapeutic efficacy of a novel oral nanoparticle-mediated insulin (nCOF/Insulin) against these diabetes-induced changes, comparing it with traditional subcutaneous insulin in a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rat model.

METHODS

We induced diabetes in Wistar rats, dividing them into four groups: standard control, diabetic control, diabetic treated with subcutaneous insulin, and diabetic treated with oral nanoparticle-mediated insulin (nCOF/Insulin). Assessments included organ and body weights, histopathological examinations, and oxidative stress markers (MDA and PCOs) across various organs, including the brain, muscle, intestine, spleen, heart, liver, kidney, and adrenal glands. Additionally, we evaluated antioxidant parameters (GSH and catalase) and conducted immunohistochemical analysis of E-cadherin to assess intestinal integrity.

RESULTS

Our findings reveal that STZ-induced diabetes significantly impacts organ health, with subcutaneous insulin providing limited mitigation and, in some cases, exacerbating oxidative stress. Conversely, oral nCOF/Insulin treatment effectively restored organ and body weights, reduced oxidative stress markers, and mitigated histological damage. This suggests that oral nCOF/Insulin not only offers superior glycemic control but also addresses the underlying oxidative stress.

CONCLUSION

nCOF/Insulin emerges as a promising treatment for diabetes, with the potential to improve patient quality of life by ameliorating oxidative stress and preventing organ-specific complications. This study underscores the need for further investigation into the long-term effects and mechanisms of action of oral nCOF/Insulin, aiming to revolutionize diabetes management and treatment strategies.

INTRODUCTION

METHODS

RESULTS

CONCLUSION

简介

糖尿病是一种慢性代谢性疾病，导致全身器官损伤，其特征是氧化应激和结构改变，导致发病率和死亡率增加。传统的皮下胰岛素治疗虽然可以控制高血糖，但往往无法解决氧化损伤问题，也无法预防特定器官的并发症。本研究评估了新型口服纳米颗粒介导的胰岛素（nCOF/Insulin）治疗糖尿病的疗效，将其与传统的皮下胰岛素治疗在链脲佐菌素（STZ）诱导的糖尿病大鼠模型中进行比较。

方法

我们诱导 Wistar 大鼠糖尿病，将其分为四组：标准对照组、糖尿病对照组、糖尿病皮下胰岛素治疗组和糖尿病口服纳米颗粒介导的胰岛素（nCOF/Insulin）治疗组。评估包括器官和体重、组织病理学检查以及大脑、肌肉、肠道、脾脏、心脏、肝脏、肾脏和肾上腺等不同器官的氧化应激标志物（MDA 和 PCOs）。此外，我们还评估了抗氧化参数（GSH 和过氧化氢酶），并进行了 E-钙黏蛋白的免疫组织化学分析，以评估肠道完整性。

结果

我们的研究结果表明，STZ 诱导的糖尿病对器官健康有显著影响，皮下胰岛素治疗虽然能减轻氧化应激，但效果有限，在某些情况下甚至会加重氧化应激。相比之下，口服 nCOF/Insulin 治疗能有效恢复器官和体重，降低氧化应激标志物，减轻组织学损伤。这表明口服 nCOF/Insulin 不仅能更好地控制血糖，还能解决潜在的氧化应激问题。