Hamad Anas Abdullah, Mustafa Hamssa Majid, Mohsein Osama A
Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Fallujah, P.O.Box: 31002, Anbar, Fallujah Iraq.
College of Medical and Healthy Techniques, Southern Technical University, Shatra, Iraq.
J Parasit Dis. 2024 Dec;48(4):782-787. doi: 10.1007/s12639-024-01715-w. Epub 2024 Jul 24.
Gastrointestinal parasite infections have been identified as a significant public health concern in regions with high humidity levels globally. Ascaris lumbricoides, a prevalent human pathogen, is widely distributed throughout several regions globally. It is estimated that around 1.5 billion cases are attributed only to A. Lumbricoides. These types of disorders are associated with a wide range of diseases. Several animal studies have demonstrated the significance of T helper cell type 2 responses to helminths in the digestive system, as well as the crucial role of specific interleukins (ILs), such as IL-4 and IL-5, in eliminating parasites and combating infections. However, there is a limited body of research examining the response of human cytokines to gut helminths, particularly in relation to the cellular reactions to Ascariasis in populations where it is prevalent. This is a case-control study and included 100 children suffering from Ascaris infection, aged between 4 and 15 years, and 50 healthy children as a control group. Samples were collected at Al-Habobbi Teaching Hospital after ethical approval. The children were diagnosed by stool examination and the concentration method was performed. Five milliliter of blood was collected from each participant, and the levels of interleukins 4, interleukins 5 and TNF-α were measured by ELISA. The levels of TNF-α and IL-5 exhibited statistically significant variance between the preschool and school-age groups at P = <0.01. The difference in the level of IL-4 was non-significant between preschool and school-age groups at P > 0.05. The difference in the levels of TNF-α and IL-5 was significant between control and moderate infection (P = <0.05), while that of IL-4 was non-significant (P > 0.05). When comparing control, the modest groups showed significantly higher IL-5 and IL-4 levels (P = >0.05). The difference in TNF-α, IL-5 and IL4 levels between mild and control groups was significant (P < 0.001), except for TNF-α which was not significant (P = 0.86). The difference in levels of interleukins in children according to age group and severity of infection indicates the role of the cellular immune response in the emergence and development of the disease and its severity in children.
胃肠道寄生虫感染已被确定为全球湿度较高地区的一个重大公共卫生问题。蛔虫是一种常见的人类病原体，广泛分布于全球多个地区。据估计，仅蛔虫感染就导致约15亿例病例。这类疾病与多种疾病相关。多项动物研究表明，2型辅助性T细胞对消化系统中蠕虫的反应具有重要意义，以及特定白细胞介素（ILs），如IL-4和IL-5，在消除寄生虫和对抗感染方面的关键作用。然而，研究人体细胞因子对肠道蠕虫反应的研究有限，特别是在蛔虫流行人群中与蛔虫病细胞反应相关的研究。这是一项病例对照研究，包括100名4至15岁的蛔虫感染儿童和50名健康儿童作为对照组。在获得伦理批准后，于哈博比教学医院采集样本。通过粪便检查对儿童进行诊断并采用浓缩法。从每位参与者采集5毫升血液，通过酶联免疫吸附测定法测量白细胞介素4、白细胞介素5和肿瘤坏死因子-α的水平。肿瘤坏死因子-α和IL-5的水平在学龄前和学龄组之间呈现出统计学上的显著差异（P = <0.01）。IL-4水平在学龄前和学龄组之间的差异不显著（P > 0.05）。肿瘤坏死因子-α和IL-5的水平在对照组和中度感染组之间存在显著差异（P = <0.05），而IL-4的差异不显著（P > 0.05）。与对照组相比，轻度感染组的IL-5和IL-4水平显著更高（P = >0.05）。轻度感染组与对照组之间肿瘤坏死因子-α、IL-5和IL-4水平的差异显著（P < 0.001），除了肿瘤坏死因子-α不显著（P = 0.86）。根据年龄组和感染严重程度，儿童白细胞介素水平的差异表明细胞免疫反应在该疾病的发生、发展及其严重程度中所起的作用。
