Robinette Jennifer W, Boardman Jason D, Harris Kathleen Mullan
Department of Psychology, Chapman University, USA.
Department of Sociology, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA.
SSM Popul Health. 2024 Oct 14;28:101719. doi: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2024.101719. eCollection 2024 Dec.
This study investigated how sociopolitical changes in the United States between the 1990s and 2000s may explain the increase in substance use disorders and reduced longevity in more recent cohorts of US midlife adults. The 2008 recession which drastically increased unemployment rates across the country may have had negative implications for downstream contextual and individual processes, including both local crime rates and substance use disorders. The Midlife in the United States Survey cohort (1995; = 6148; 20-75 years) and the MIDUS Refresher cohort (2011; = 3543; 23-76 years) reported on substance use disorders. These data were linked to Uniform Crime Reporting violent crime rates to determine whether associations between local crime and substance use disorders changed among two separate cohorts of US midlife adults assessed before or after the 2008 recession. In 1995, despite higher local crime rates, substance use disorders were not associated with local crime. The comparatively lower crime rates of 2011, however, associated with greater prevalence of substance use disorders. Considering unemployment rates from the Decennial Census and American Community Survey, which were substantially higher in 2011 relative to 1995, completely diminished the local crime rate-substance use disorder association. The increased prevalence of substance use disorders observed in the more recent cohort of midlife adults assessed in the current study may represent maladaptive coping to local crime after the 2008 recession.
本研究调查了20世纪90年代至21世纪初美国的社会政治变化如何解释美国中年成年人最近几批人群中物质使用障碍增加和寿命缩短的现象。2008年的经济衰退大幅提高了全国的失业率，可能对下游的环境和个人过程产生了负面影响，包括当地犯罪率和物质使用障碍。美国中年调查队列（1995年；n = 6148；20 - 75岁）和美国中年更新队列（2011年；n = 3543；23 - 76岁）报告了物质使用障碍情况。这些数据与统一犯罪报告中的暴力犯罪率相关联，以确定在2008年经济衰退之前或之后评估的美国中年成年人的两个独立队列中，当地犯罪与物质使用障碍之间的关联是否发生了变化。1995年，尽管当地犯罪率较高，但物质使用障碍与当地犯罪并无关联。然而，2011年相对较低的犯罪率却与物质使用障碍的更高患病率相关。考虑到十年一次的人口普查和美国社区调查中的失业率，2011年相对于1995年大幅升高，这完全消除了当地犯罪率与物质使用障碍之间的关联。在本研究中评估的最近一批中年成年人中观察到的物质使用障碍患病率上升，可能代表了2008年经济衰退后对当地犯罪的适应不良应对方式。
