PIRE Programs NF, Beltsville, Maryland.
Curtin University School of Public Health, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
Traffic Inj Prev. 2024;25(sup1):S86-S93. doi: 10.1080/15389588.2024.2387709. Epub 2024 Nov 4.
The objective of this study was to compare drink driving and related road safety issues in 2 urban areas of 6 countries and develop an equation for estimating the rate of crash underreporting to the police in urban areas of countries that lack this information.
This study is a secondary analysis of 1 to 2 waves of surveys in pairs of matched medium-sized cities in Belgium, Brazil, China, Mexico, South Africa, and Ohio, United States; the surveys supported evaluation of local alcohol harm reduction efforts. Data were from 2017 to 2019 except 2023 for Mexico. Mailed surveys in Ohio and household interviews elsewhere of quota samples matched to census data yielded 23,240 completed interviews. Relevant questions covered drinking, driving under the influence of alcohol (DUI), DUI enforcement, and, except in South Africa, road crashes. GLM regression provided an equation for estimating police reporting rates of urban injury and no-injury crashes from a country's purchasing-power parity-adjusted gross domestic product (GDP) per capita.
The percentage of drivers driving unlicensed was 30% in Mexico and South Africa, 15% in Brazil, 8% in China, and <1% elsewhere. Among adults who both drove and drank, self-reported urban DUI rates ranged from 12% in China to 53% in South Africa, with 4 countries between 18% and 26%. Among those reporting DUI, the percentage stopped by police for doing so was 14% in Belgium, 15% in Brazil, 25% in China, 31% in Mexico, 45% in South Africa, and only 3% in Ohio. The surveys yielded data on 380 urban crashes. Past-year crash involvement was 2% to 3% in Belgium and China and 5% to 6% elsewhere. The 10% injury rate in Ohio crashes was significantly below the 24% to 35% rates elsewhere. Injury crashes were almost universally reported except in Brazil (60% reported). Only 49% to 56% of non-injury crashes were reported, except in Ohio (73%). Perceived alcohol-involved crash rates of 18% to 19% in Belgium and Ohio were significantly lower than the 32% reported in Brazil, 41% in China, and 57% in Mexico. In the regression, GDP per capita and injury involvement were positively associated with police crash reporting.
Our equation more closely approximates urban police crash reporting rates than prior studies that assumed that they matched U.S. data. DUI enforcement is weak/ineffective in urban Ohio. With suggested adjustments, our survey questions should be usable in other international road safety and DUI studies.
本研究旨在比较 6 个国家的 2 个城市地区的酒后驾车和相关道路安全问题，并为缺乏相关信息的国家的城市地区估算警方对事故漏报率建立一个方程。
本研究是对比利时、巴西、中国、墨西哥、南非和美国的 2 对匹配的中等城市进行的 1 到 2 轮调查的二次分析；这些调查支持了对当地减少酒精伤害工作的评估。数据来自 2017 年至 2019 年，墨西哥除外，为 2023 年。俄亥俄州的邮件调查和其他地方的家庭访谈根据人口普查数据进行配额抽样，共完成了 23240 次访谈。相关问题涵盖了饮酒、酒后驾车（DUI）、DUI 执法以及除南非以外的道路事故。GLM 回归提供了一个方程，用于根据一个国家的购买力平价调整后的人均国内生产总值（GDP）估算城市伤害和无伤害事故的警方报告率。
墨西哥和南非无证驾驶的司机比例为 30%，巴西为 15%，中国为 8%，其他地区均<1%。在既开车又喝酒的成年人中，自我报告的城市 DUI 率从中国的 12%到南非的 53%不等，有 4 个国家在 18%到 26%之间。在报告 DUI 的人中，因 DUI 被警察拦下的比例为比利时 14%，巴西 15%，中国 25%，墨西哥 31%，南非 45%，而俄亥俄州仅为 3%。调查获得了 380 起城市事故的数据。过去一年中，比利时和中国的事故参与率为 2%至 3%，其他地区为 5%至 6%。俄亥俄州事故的 10%伤害率明显低于其他地区的 24%至 35%。除巴西（60%报告）外，几乎所有事故都得到了报告。只有 49%至 56%的无伤害事故得到报告，俄亥俄州除外（73%）。比利时和俄亥俄州的感知到的与酒精有关的事故率为 18%至 19%，明显低于巴西的 32%、中国的 41%和墨西哥的 57%。在回归中，人均 GDP 和伤害参与度与警方报告的事故呈正相关。
我们的方程比之前假设与美国数据匹配的研究更接近城市警方事故报告率。城市俄亥俄州的 DUI 执法薄弱/无效。经过建议的调整，我们的调查问题应该可以在其他国际道路安全和 DUI 研究中使用。
