Department of Medicine, Karachi Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan.
Department of Surgery, Dow International Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.
Medicine (Baltimore). 2024 Nov 1;103(44):e40364. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000040364.
Diet and lifestyle modifications remain the foundation of obesity treatment, but they have historically proven insufficient for significant, long-term weight loss. As a result, there is a high demand for new pharmacologic treatments to promote weight loss and prevent life-threatening diseases associated with obesity. Researchers are particularly interested in 1 type of drug, glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), because of its promising potential in addressing the limitations of non-pharmacologic treatments. In addition to their role in weight loss, these drugs have shown promising early evidence of cardiovascular benefits in obese patients, further enhancing their clinical relevance. Semaglutide and liraglutide, which were initially approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, have since been approved by the Food and Drug Administration as weight loss medications due to their effectiveness in promoting significant and sustained weight loss. In this narrative review, we will explore the mechanism of GLP-1 RAs, their effects on weight loss, cardiovascular risk factors and outcomes, common adverse effects, and strategies for managing these effects.
饮食和生活方式的改变仍然是肥胖治疗的基础，但从历史上看，它们不足以实现显著的长期减肥效果。因此，人们对新的药物治疗方法有很高的需求，以促进减肥并预防与肥胖相关的危及生命的疾病。研究人员特别关注 1 种药物，即胰高血糖素样肽 1 受体激动剂（GLP-1 RAs），因为它在解决非药物治疗的局限性方面具有很大的潜力。除了在减肥方面的作用外，这些药物在肥胖患者中还显示出早期有希望的心血管益处证据，进一步增强了它们的临床相关性。西马鲁肽和利拉鲁肽最初被批准用于治疗 2 型糖尿病，此后由于其在促进显著和持续减肥方面的有效性，已被美国食品和药物管理局批准为减肥药物。在本叙述性综述中，我们将探讨 GLP-1 RAs 的作用机制、它们对减肥、心血管风险因素和结果的影响、常见的不良反应以及管理这些不良反应的策略。
