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北美地区孕妇中 HIV/AIDS 的流行情况：系统评价和荟萃分析。

Prevalence of HIV/AIDS among pregnant women in North American region: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

机构信息

Department Obstetric and Gynecology, Azad Jammu & Kashmir Medical College, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan.

Azad Jammu & Kashmir Medical College, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan.

出版信息

Medicine (Baltimore). 2024 Nov 1;103(44):e40339. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000040339.

DOI:10.1097/MD.0000000000040339
PMID:39496052
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11537646/
Abstract

BACKGROUND

As a major maternal health concern, the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among pregnant women was previously investigated in European, African, and Latin American regions other than the North American region. This study analyzed the prevalence of HIV among pregnant women in the North American region including 3 major countries: the USA, Canada, and Mexico.

METHODS

Relevant studies were screened from 3 online databases: Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect using specific search keywords. Ultimately, 10 studies of the North American region were included with a total of 339,831 pregnant women residing in the USA, Canada, and Mexico.

RESULTS

The overall pooled prevalence was 0.6% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.4-0.8) with a high degree of heterogeneity (I2 = 97%). Pooled prevalence rates of HIV among pregnant women in Canada, Mexico, and the USA were 0.3% (95% CI: 0.1-0.5), 0.5% (95% CI: 0.2-0.8), and 2.3% (95% CI: 0.0-5.7), respectively with high degrees of heterogeneity.

CONCLUSION

The overall prevalence rate of HIV among pregnant women in the USA, Canada, and Mexico was minimal as compared with the countries of Eastern Europe, sub-Saharan Africa, or Latin America. Awareness, adequate testing and healthcare facilities, better socioeconomic, and geopolitical conditions might be crucial to lowering the prevalence of HIV among pregnant women.

摘要

背景

作为一个主要的孕产妇健康问题，除北美地区外，在欧洲、非洲和拉丁美洲地区也对孕妇人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）的流行情况进行了调查。本研究分析了包括美国、加拿大和墨西哥在内的北美地区 3 个主要国家的孕妇 HIV 流行情况。

方法

使用特定的搜索关键词，从 3 个在线数据库（Google Scholar、PubMed 和 ScienceDirect）筛选出相关研究。最终，纳入了 10 项北美地区的研究，共纳入了 339831 名居住在美国、加拿大和墨西哥的孕妇。

结果

总体合并流行率为 0.6%（95%置信区间[CI]：0.4-0.8），异质性程度较高（I2=97%）。加拿大、墨西哥和美国孕妇的 HIV 合并流行率分别为 0.3%（95%CI：0.1-0.5）、0.5%（95%CI：0.2-0.8）和 2.3%（95%CI：0.0-5.7），异质性程度均较高。

结论

与东欧、撒哈拉以南非洲或拉丁美洲国家相比，美国、加拿大和墨西哥孕妇的 HIV 总体流行率较低。提高认识、充分检测和提供医疗保健设施、改善社会经济和地缘政治条件，可能对降低孕妇 HIV 流行率至关重要。

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