, Lochem, The Netherlands.
Fontys University of Applied Sciences, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
Sci Rep. 2024 Nov 4;14(1):26659. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-77800-0.
Current attempts to implement and apply automated control systems for the management of glucose homeostasis in individuals with diabetes are partly successful. In most semi and closed loop control systems to mimic the action of a normal pancreas in diabetes patients, insulin is administered subcutaneously. However, the parameters for insulin diffusion and transport time constants are relatively large and have wide individual variations. Therefore, deviation from a normal meal can result in suboptimal euglycemic control. Stable and reliable closed loop feedback control using continuous glucose monitoring under these conditions is difficult and needs regular interventions from the user. This article describes the translation of the endocrine physiology of a normal pancreas to an electronic equivalent. With this translation, the complex effects of a direct intravenous pulsatile method of insulin and glucagon administration can be simulated in accordance with physiological observations in a healthy subject and has been built with standard electronic components. This device is applicable for any individual and under any condition to automatically maintain the desired optimal euglycemic condition. The insulin and glucagon response control is presented in the same physiological pulsatile manner as is observed in healthy individuals.
目前，在糖尿病患者中实施和应用自动化控制系统来管理血糖稳态的尝试取得了一定的成功。在大多数半闭环和闭环控制系统中，为了模拟正常胰腺在糖尿病患者中的作用，胰岛素是通过皮下注射给药的。然而，胰岛素扩散和传输时间常数的参数相对较大，并且具有广泛的个体差异。因此，偏离正常饮食可能导致血糖控制不佳。在这些情况下，使用连续血糖监测进行稳定可靠的闭环反馈控制是困难的，需要用户定期进行干预。本文描述了将正常胰腺的内分泌生理学转化为电子等效物。通过这种转换，可以根据健康受试者的生理观察来模拟直接静脉内脉冲式胰岛素和胰高血糖素给药的复杂效应，并且已经使用标准电子元件构建了该系统。该设备适用于任何个体和任何条件，可自动维持所需的最佳血糖稳态。胰岛素和胰高血糖素反应控制以与健康个体中观察到的相同生理脉冲方式呈现。
