Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
International Ecosystem Management Partnership, United Nations Environment Programme, Beijing, China.
Nat Food. 2024 Nov;5(11):916-928. doi: 10.1038/s43016-024-01071-1. Epub 2024 Nov 4.
Reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in crop production while ensuring emission equity is crucial for sustainable agriculture in China, yet long-term large-scale data on GHG emissions intensity (GEI) are limited. Using an extensive dataset based on surveyed farm households (n > 430,000 households) from 1993 to 2020, we reveal that 2015 was a turning point for GEI levels, which dropped 16% in 2020, while inequality-measured as average GHG emissions per unit planted area-increased 13%. The key driving forces behind such trends included farmland input, all other inputs, agricultural labour input and total factor productivity but not capital input. Notably, farmland input and all other inputs contributed to 80% of the inequality, while contribution of total factor productivity gradually declined and was replaced by migration-induced agricultural labour input differences. Reducing GEI levels and guarding against widening inequality require optimizing production factor inputs.
在中国，减少农作物生产中的温室气体（GHG）排放，同时确保排放公平性，对可持续农业至关重要，但长期大规模的温室气体排放强度（GEI）数据有限。本研究利用了一个基于 1993 年至 2020 年调查农户（超过 43 万户）的广泛数据集，揭示了 2015 年是 GEI 水平的转折点，2020 年下降了 16%，而以单位种植面积平均 GHG 排放量衡量的不平等程度则增加了 13%。这种趋势的主要驱动因素包括耕地投入、其他所有投入、农业劳动力投入和全要素生产率，但不包括资本投入。值得注意的是，耕地投入和其他所有投入贡献了 80%的不平等，而全要素生产率的贡献逐渐下降，被移民引起的农业劳动力投入差异所取代。降低 GEI 水平和防止不平等加剧需要优化生产要素投入。
