School of Public Health and Management, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
The Physical Examination Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
Reprod Health. 2024 Nov 4;21(1):157. doi: 10.1186/s12978-024-01894-y.
Fertility punishment is a powerful interpretation of the low birth rate in contemporary China, but it is not consistent with the fact that the proportion of second children has been increasing year by year for some time. From the perspective of Bandura's "Self-efficacy", based on the post-80 s and post-90 s youth samples in the Psychology and Behavior Investigation of Chinese Residents 2021, this paper explores the quantitative relationship between the number of children and individual self-efficacy. The data indicates that: (1) Fertility is closely linked to self-efficacy, with young people who have two children exhibiting higher self-efficacy; (2) The quantitative relationship between the number of children and self-efficacy varies based on parental roles-men/fathers show almost no change in self-efficacy when moving from having no children to one child, but demonstrate a significant increase in self-efficacy when they have two children. In contrast, women/mothers experience the lowest self-efficacy when having one child, which only shows a significant improvement when they have two children. These findings provide a new perspective for theoretically explaining the current fertility situation and expand the application of self-efficacy. In terms of policy efforts, it is necessary to provide support for women's one-child fertility, and to increase the publicity of the view of more children and more efficacy to resist the potential energy of low fertility that arises from the view of more children and more burdens.
生育惩罚是对当代中国低生育率的有力解释，但与一段时间以来二孩比例逐年增加的事实并不相符。本研究基于班杜拉的“自我效能感”理论，使用 2021 年中国居民心理学和行为专项调查中的 80 后、90 后青年样本，探究了生育数量与个体自我效能感之间的定量关系。数据表明：（1）生育与自我效能感密切相关，拥有两个孩子的年轻人自我效能感更高；（2）孩子数量与自我效能感之间的定量关系因父母角色而异——男性/父亲从没有孩子到有一个孩子时自我效能感几乎没有变化，但有两个孩子时自我效能感显著提高。相比之下，女性/母亲在有一个孩子时自我效能感最低，只有在有两个孩子时才会显著提高。这些发现为理论上解释当前的生育状况提供了新的视角，并拓展了自我效能感的应用。在政策努力方面，有必要为女性的一孩生育提供支持，并加大对多孩多福观的宣传，以抵制多子多负担观所产生的潜在低生育能动力。
