Chen Hongsheng, Wang Xingping, Li Zhigang, Zhu Zhenjun
1 Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
2 Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
Inquiry. 2019 Jan-Dec;56:46958019833232. doi: 10.1177/0046958019833232.
In recent years, the Chinese government has changed the one-child policy that was implemented more than 3 decades ago and has began encouraging couples to have 2 children. However, this cannot quickly change people's reproductive concepts after more than 30 years of low fertility rate and birth control. In this context, the aim of our study was to assess the effect of neighborhood environment on Chinese women's fertility-willingness for a second child. Our results show that there is a statistically significant relationship between neighborhood environment and women's fertility-willingness for a second child. Women living in affluent neighborhoods with better living environments have lower fertility-willingness for a second child than those in poor neighborhoods. However, childcare institutions (such as kindergartens) provide shared childcare and improve women's fertility-willingness. We suggest that to encourage more couples to have a second child, it is necessary to increase the number of neighborhood kindergartens. In addition, local governments must improve the social welfare of migrant households and loosen the requirements for migrant households to obtain local hukou, which will allow migrant children to enjoy local public services, especially education services.
近年来，中国政府改变了三十多年前实施的独生子女政策，开始鼓励夫妻生育二孩。然而，在经历了三十多年的低生育率和计划生育之后，这并不能迅速改变人们的生育观念。在此背景下，我们研究的目的是评估邻里环境对中国女性生育二孩意愿的影响。我们的结果表明，邻里环境与女性生育二孩意愿之间存在统计学上的显著关系。生活在居住环境较好的富裕社区的女性生育二孩的意愿低于贫困社区的女性。然而，托育机构（如幼儿园）提供共享托育服务并提高了女性的生育意愿。我们建议，为鼓励更多夫妻生育二孩，有必要增加社区幼儿园的数量。此外，地方政府必须改善流动人口家庭的社会福利，放宽流动人口家庭获得当地户口的条件，这将使流动儿童能够享受当地的公共服务，尤其是教育服务。
